arrFiles=new Array();arrFiles[0]=new Array("alnico.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Alnico Magnets • High saturation values • Excellent thermal stability • Good corrosion resistance Alnico is from the family of magnets that was the first to be developed, becoming commercially available in 1932. The most common production method is by casting, although the powder metallurgy sintering process is particularly suitable for small and more complex parts. The poor resistance to demagnetization, cost of the base alloy and the advent of new materials have led to a reduction in its use. However, there are specific advantages which make it the choice in certain critical applications. Application advantages The Curie Point is significantly higher than for all other permanent magnet materials enabling it to be used at elevated temperature. The losses in flux density when heated are both very low and predictable. It is also considered to have excellent corrosion protection, although in some instances a plating may be used for aesthetic reasons. Availability Discreet components are made to order and there is usually a minimum batch requirement. Other characteristics Alnico rods are oriented along their length making this the only possible direction of magnetization. Due to their low coercivity, short aspect ratio bars will demagnetize very easily, and in most cases, magnetization is recommended after assembly or at the point of use. The alloy is crystalline, brittle and difficult to machine and commonly contains voids and hairline cracks; unless significant in size, this will not affect the performance. Assemblies The problems of demagnetization are not apparent in \"closed circuit \" application and the high remanence values and other specific advantages open up design possibilities. Being metallic, complex parts can be produced from our wire erosion facilities and supplied in a complete assembly. Please click here for typical properties of Alnico Magnets © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[1]=new Array("alnicoproperties.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Alnico Magnets Properties ALNICO Cast/Sintered Br HcB jHc BHMax Recoil Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * Gauss Oersteds Oersteds MGOe Permeability Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C ALNICO alloy CAST/SINTERED AC5 12500 640 640 5.5 3.70 7.3 850 540 0.02 n/a AC8 8300 1650 1650 5.5 2.00 7 850 540 0.02 n/a AS5 10800 600 600 3.8 5.20 7.3 850 540 0.02 n/a AS8 7000 1900 1900 5 1.90 7 850 540 0.02 n/a * For temperature coefficients the figures are negative unless otherwise stated. The properties quoted are in the main nominals and mostly shape/geometry dependent. If certain characteristics are critical to the application , our advice is to obtain specific data either from the user \'s own tests or by request to the company. These are representative grades and others are available upon request . Where practical we will produce grades for specific application. Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[2]=new Array("applicationsoverview.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Applications Magnet Applications currently offers total magnetic solutions to a number of industries, including: • Aerospace • Automotive • Communications • Computers and Peripherals • Magnetic Assemblies • Medical Device and Diagnostics • Motion Control • Motors • Research and Development • Sensors • Wind Power However, magnets and their power are limited only by our imaginations. Why not let Magnet Applications find a solution to your design? © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[3]=new Array("arrows.gif","NO TITLE","null","null","null","");arrFiles[4]=new Array("assemblies.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Magnetic Assemblies Why go offshore when Magnet Applications can design the assembly, source the magnetic material, integrate the manufacture of the magnet and assembly, coat it, glue it, magnetize it, package it and ship it, all on time and within budget? Our interdisciplinary capabilities make Magnet Applications the ideal choice for the design, engineering, prototyping and manufacturing of magnetic assemblies – right here in the United States. Magnet Applications manufactures sub-system level magnetic assemblies for many applications at our facility in DuBois, Pennsylvania. And when required, we can manufacture similarly at our plants in Europe and the Far East. All of our facilities offer magnet manufacturing, local sourcing of metal and plastic components, as well as magnet machining, assembly, inspection, testing, final documentation, stocking and traceability. As magnet technology becomes more advanced, so must the technology used to fully optimize the magnetic circuitry or design. By combining our expertise in all types of permanent magnet manufacture (including our high-energy rare earth materials Bremag® and Magfine®) and our extensive knowledge of CNC machining, precision metal parts and injection molded plastic work, along with complete automation, magnetizing and packaging capabilities, we offer a high-quality, cost-effective solution to all your magnetic assembly needs. With manufacturing plants in Europe and North America, plus full manufacturing capabilities in low-cost areas around the world, Magnet Applications offers you the greatest value with the least worry. Some applications for magnetic assemblies: Rotors for Brushless DC (BLDC) Motors and Generators Magnet Systems for Medical Applications Magnet Systems for Sensors Capabilities Include : • Injection and compression molded magnet materials • Injection molded plastic materials • Metalwork • Design, modeling and prototyping of assemblies • Fabrication of any quantity, short or long run • Coating • Joining • Integrated molding of magnetic material and assembly material • Magnetizing • Packaging Our staff of highly qualified magnet design engineers works closely with your operating and manufacturing engineers from start to finish, assuring you of a cost-effective product that meets your design requirements. Whether you need a single assembly for the development of a high-profile research project, a short run of assemblies for capital equipment manufacturing, or a source for high-production assembly to be used in any mass-market application, Magnet Applications is your Total Magnetic Solution. © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[5]=new Array("b10datacurve.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Bremag 10N Br HcB jHc BHMax Recoil Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * Gauss Oersteds Oersteds MGOe Permeability Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C B10-B 6850 5800 9100 10 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[6]=new Array("bondedproperties.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Compression Molded (Bonded) NdFeB Magnets Typical Properties BONDED Bremag compression molded NdFeB in CGS Units Br HcB jHc BHMax Recoil Permeability Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * Gauss Oersteds Oersteds MGOe Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C B10-B 6850 5800 9100 10 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 B10-C 6350 5600 13900 8.8 1.15 5.9 470 150 0.070 0.40 SB90 6350 5400 9100 8.5 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 SB75 5300 4600 9100 6.2 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 SB65 4400 3900 9100 4.3 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 SB50 3400 3100 9100 2.6 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 Please click this for a data curve * For temperature coefficients the figures are negative unless otherwise stated. The properties quoted are in the main nominals and mostly shape/geometry dependent. If certain characteristics are critical to the application , our advice is to obtain specific data either from the user \'s own tests or by request to the company. These are representative grades and others are available upon request. Where practical we will produce grades for specific application . BONDED Bremag compression molded NdFeB in SI Units Br HcB jHc BHmax Recoil Permeability Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * mT kA/m kA/m kJ/m3 Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C B10-B 685 460 722 79 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 B10-C 635 444 1102 70 1.15 5.9 470 150 0.070 0.40 SB90 635 428 722 67 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 SB75 530 365 722 49 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 SB65 440 309 722 34 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 SB50 340 246 722 21 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[7]=new Array("catches-cabinet.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Magnetic Catches Slimline This magnet has two main areas of application: - For quality furniture where its neatness will be appreciated: thickness only 6mm! - For D.I.Y. because it is easy to fit: one single screw and an adhesive counterplate This extra flat model is made from a high performance magnetic rubber. The mobile pole pieces are cushioned by a damper for shock absorption and to take up play. Color: White (Part #11610), brown (Part #11612) Holding power: 5 kg Fixing: 2.5mm diameter countersunk screw. It has a lip to prevent it from rotating Counterplate: Self adhesive Economy Range Catches These surface mounted models have mobile pole pieces for automatic take up of parallel play. Of a simple design, these are the most inexpensive models in our range. Supec A Series Model Holding power (Kg) A B C D E Xb4 4 48 19 15 38 21.5 Color: White (Part #11310), brown (Part #11312) Fixing: Two 3mm screws through oblong slots Counterplate: Q6 Supec Heavy Duty Magnetic catches for big doors (cupboards). Model Holding power (Kg) A B C D E Supec 12(A4) 12 74 17.5 14 64 43 Color: White (part #11241), brown (11242) Mounting: Two 3mm screws through oblong slots Counterplate: Q10 for the Supec 12. Counterplates Model Part No. A B C D Q 6 #25606 48 12 2 36 Q 8 #25608 50 13 2 36 Q 10 #25610 66 12 2 54 These counterplates are zinc plated. They are fitted using 3mm countersunk screws; the U5 uses a round head screw. Use a 15mm diameter V4 for the A1 Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[8]=new Array("catches-clip-in.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks title © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[9]=new Array("catches-clipin.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Clip-in Magnets These can be used on metal or plastic sheets. They can be sunk into very narrow door jambs. Easy to fit, they require no screws and are designed for mass produced items. They simply clip in. Series F These have a white impact-resistant polystyrene body with an acetal resin spring to act as a shock absorber and keep the pole pieces forward. Model Part No. Holding Power (Kg) A B C E F M L Fs 3 21103 2 24 9.5 12 15 11 8 22 Fp 3 21303 2 24 9.5 12 15 11 8 24 FP 5 21305 4 39.5 10 12 21.5 11 8 35 Fs 10 21110 8 64 10 12 43 13 8 57 Color: Standard white Fs 10 also in black Klip series The flexible clip-in lugs form an integral part of the body. Model Part No. Holding Power (Kg) A B C E F M L Klip 15 21715 15 54.8 12.5 17 43 15.5 10.6 52 Color: The Klip 15 is black Fixing: These magnets clip in to an opening which is in length approximately L above. This dimension has to be precisely adjusted by the user according to the thickness of the substrate and the surface condition of the cutout (burrs, flanges, etc.). Counterplate: For both these series, use a steel surface which is at least 1.5mm thick; 2mm for the Klip 15. A series Q counterplate may be used. Holding power: The attraction curve is illustrated above. Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[10]=new Array("catches-doorstop.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Door Stops These door stops were designed for use on large oceangoing vessels but can be used for all panels, gates or doors which must be firmly held in the presence of vibrations, draughts or sudden acceleration. They can be found in public buildings, on rolling stock, seagoing vessels and machine housings. The body of the door stop is slightly flexible and will compensate to a certain extent for poor fitting. Pole pieces have been treated to resist corrosion. The unit is supplied with the appropriate W counterplate. Series 1 Wall mounted. The Compact magnet is fitted in a flexible neoprene sleeve. Model Holding Power (Kg) B E D CF 16-1 10 16 34 42 CF 22-1 20 22 43 54 CF 30-1 30 30 70 71.3 Color: Light gray, brown Fixing: The polyamide base is screwed into the wall. The body is clipped onto this base and then locked into place using a retaining ring. Spacer for the C 22-1 In some cases, the C 22-1 door stop may not be high enough. This spacer will build out the distance between the magnetic surface and the wall. Two heights are available: 20mm and 30mm. Series 2 Floor mounted.The Compact magnet is housed in a PVC sleeve. Use : For fixing onto a surface which is parallel to the direction of movement (e.g. floor) Model Holding Power (Kg) B D E H J CF 16-2 10 26 45.5 60 38 50 CF 22-2 20 26 45.5 60 38 50 Color: Light gray, brown, white, black Fixing: A polyamide plate is fixed to the wall and the body slid into position. The unit is locked in position by means of a retainer ring. Counterplates Round, with one single countersunk screw. The screw head must never protrude beyond the ground front surface. When fitting these counterplates, ensure that they are not fully screwed down so that they can take up some play. Model A B D W 16 20 4 3.2 W 22 28 5.5 4.2 W 30 40 6 6.2 Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[11]=new Array("catches-doorstops.html","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Door Stops These door stops were designed for use on large oceangoing vessels but can be used for all panels, gates or doors which must be firmly held in the presence of vibrations, draughts or sudden acceleration. They can be found in public buildings, on rolling stock, seagoing vessels and machine housings. The body of the door stop is slightly flexible and will compensate to a certain extent for poor fitting. Pole pieces have been treated to resist corrosion. The unit is supplied with the appropriate W counterplate. Series 1 Wall mounted. The Compact magnet is fitted in a flexible neoprene sleeve. Model Holding Power (Kg) B E D CF 16-1 10 16 34 42 CF 22-1 20 22 43 54 CF 30-1 30 30 70 71.3 Color: Light gray, brown Fixing: The polyamide base is screwed into the wall. The body is clipped onto this base and then locked into place using a retaining ring. Spacer for the C 22-1 In some cases, the C 22-1 door stop may not be high enough. This spacer will build out the distance between the magnetic surface and the wall. Two heights are available: 20mm and 30mm. Series 2 Floor mounted.The Compact magnet is housed in a PVC sleeve. Use : For fixing onto a surface which is parallel to the direction of movement (e.g. floor) Model Holding Power (Kg) B D E H J CF 16-2 10 26 45.5 60 38 50 CF 22-2 20 26 45.5 60 38 50 Color: Light gray, brown, white, black Fixing: A polyamide plate is fixed to the wall and the body slid into position. The unit is locked in position by means of a retainer ring. Counterplates Round, with one single countersunk screw. The screw head must never protrude beyond the ground front surface. When fitting these counterplates, ensure that they are not fully screwed down so that they can take up some play. Model A B D W 16 20 4 3.2 W 22 28 5.5 4.2 W 30 40 6 6.2 Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[12]=new Array("catches-recessed.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Recessed Catches Particularly attractive finish for wood furniture. For surface mounted doors. Is Series These cylindrical magnetic catches are encased in a plastic sleeve. The front surface is ground. In a ribbed body, they hold tightly in the given position and a flange ensures accurate positioning. Models: 4 main sizes. The Is 1.5 is the non-ground version of the Is 2, it has a lower holding power but improved corrosion resistance. Model Color Part No. Holding power (Kg) A B E H Is 1 Black 17101 1 9.5 8 10.5 9 Is 1.5 White 17110 1.5 9.5 8 15.5 13.8 Is 1.5 Brown 17112 1.5 9.5 8 15.5 13.8 Is 2 White 17120 2 9.5 8 15 13.8 Is 2 Brown 17122 2 9.5 8 15 13.8 Is 2 Brown 17122-5n 3 9.5 8 15 13.8 Is 4 White 17140 4 14 11 15.3 14 Is 4 Black 17141 4 14 11 15.3 14 Is 4 Brown 17142 4 14 11 15.3 14 Is 6 White 17160 6 16 13.5 18.3 17 Is 6 Black 17160 6 16 13.5 18.3 17 Is 6 Brown 17160 6 16 13.5 18.3 17 Color: Is1 and Is2 : black. Is 1.5 : white. Is4 and Is6 : black, white, brown Fixing: Drill a hole of a diameter which is compatible with the hardness of the panel. Sink the magnetic catch by tapping it gently with a mallet or using a wooden block with a hammer. Counterplate: Use a W or Z counterplate of the same or higher number. Series W Counterplate The most widely used counterplates; they are round and fitted by one single countersunk screw. The screw head must not protrude beyond the ground front surface. When fitting this counterplate do not screw it fully down. In this way it can take up a little play. Model Part No. A B D W 4 25451 (copper), 25412 (zinc) 12 2.5 2.5 V 4 55410 (zinc only) 16 2 3.8 W 12 25420 (zinc only) 15 3 3.2 Series Z Counterplate The stud fitted to the counterplate can be sunk into wood (using a mallet) Model Part No. A B C Z 4 25351 (copper), 25312 (zinc) 12 2.5 11.5 Z 12 25361 (copper), 55310 (zinc) 15 3 11.5 Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[13]=new Array("catches.htm","Magnet Manufacturers, UK – Magnet Applications - Magnetic Catches ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Magnetic Catches Back in 1955, we were the pioneers of the mass produced magnetic catch, principally for furniture markets but also shipbuilding and the emerging DIY industry. From this beginning we developed a range of some 100 models with different holding and fixing characteristics and indeed we are still producing from some of the original molds today. We now supply the original markets as well as for car trim, domestic appliances and office equipment to name a few. We are constantly adding to the range and provided the volume is viable, we will design and manufacture in conjunction with specific customer requirements. This section covers only part of our range of catches and other holding magnets so we invite you to speak with us if your particular need has not been addressed or you have a related query. Click on the brief description below to see the sizes and full detail of the relevant products. We will be pleased to supply on request the graphs for attraction at a distance. FIXED CABINET CATCHES RECESSED CATCHES CLIP-IN CATCHES , for metal and plastic furniture as well as automotive applications MAGNETIC DOORSTOPS , heavy duty © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[14]=new Array("compression.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Compression Molded (Bonded) Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) Magnets BREMAG (molded neodymium iIron boron, or NdFeB) rare earth magnets open up a new realm of design possibilities to engineers. Their high magnetic values and reduced size make them ideal for miniaturization where weight and space are at a premium. Our unique abilities in the production of compression molded Bremag increase the scope of its application. No other magnetic material combines these performance and fabrication capabilities. Plus, Bremag simplifies production engineering because of its resistance to chipping and cracking, its complex magnetization (click here for magnetization patterns ) possibilities and its machinability. Additionally, we have had success with hybrids of neodymium iron boron and ferrite, offering our customers an even broader range of choices.. We offer complete engineering assistance, prototyping services, fabrication and inventory management. Call our sales staff today to discuss your application. Coatings The epoxy binder in Bremag does offer limited protection against corrosion which is suitable for many applications. In more demanding operating conditions, e.g. in high temperature and/or humid conditions, a coating may be necessary; we supply in volume series, a number of different coatings which have different merits and we invite you to discuss with us the correct solution for your application. Compression bonded neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) offers: • Excellent mechanical strength and surface finish • Compression molded magnets can be manufactured to very tight tolerances off tool • Greater cracking and chipping resistance than other rare earth magnets • Superior energy to weight ratio • May be molded into a variety of shapes and sizes • Magnetic values up to 10 MGOe • Simple to complex multipole magnetization patterns possible • Low tooling cost • Co-injected assemblies Please click here for typical properties of compression molded NdFeB magnets. © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[15]=new Array("contactus.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Contact Us For information about any of the group \'s products, contact the sales office that is most convenient for you. Magnet Applications Ltd. Northbridge Road, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, HP4 1EH, England. Tel: +44 (0) 1442 875081 Fax: +44 (0) 1442 875009 Contact: Richard Steff E-mail: Sales@MagnetUK.com Arelec SA. Avenue de l \'Hippodrome 64140 Lons France. Tel: +33 (0) 5 59 80 99 00 Fax: +33 (0) 5 59 80 99 49 Contact: Marc Attard E-mail: Sales@arelec.com Magnet Applications Inc. 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 Horsham, PA 19044, USA. Tel: +1 215 441 7704 Fax: +1 215 441 7734 Contact: Mike Miller E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com Peter Welter GmbH & Co. KG Postfach 1355, 50374 Erfstadt, Germany. Tel: +49 (0) 2235 95521 -0 Fax: +49 (0) 2235 72875 Contact: Jean-Pierre Welter E-mail: info@magnete-welter.de Web: www.magnete-welter.de Garnet s.a.s. Via Padre Vismara, 81 20041 Agrate- Milano, Italy Tel: +39 039 6890206 Fax: +39 039 6890441 Contact: Leo Iurino E-mail: Garnet@GarnetItalia.com Web: www.garnetitalia.com Asia MS Coating Johor Malaysia Tel: +607 755 0 484 Fax: +607 755 0326 Contact: Lee Kah Foong (Mrs) E-mail: kahflee@tm.net.my © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[16]=new Array("data_curve_alnico600.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Alnico 600 Br HcB jHc BHMax Recoil Permeability Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * mT kA/m kA/m kJ/m3 Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C AC5 1250 51 n/a 44 3.70 7.3 850 540 0.02 n/a Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[17]=new Array("design.htm","Magnet Manufacturers, UK – Magnet Applications - Design/Engineering","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Design / Engineering Magnets are an important part of our daily lives, serving as essential components in everything from electric motors, loudspeakers, computers, compact disc players, microwave ovens and the family car, to instrumentation, production equipment, and research projects. Their contribution is often overlooked because they are built into devices and are usually out of sight. Magnets function as transducers, transforming energy from one form to another, without any permanent loss of their own energy. General categories of permanent magnet functions are: • Mechanical to Mechanical - such as attraction and repulsion. • Mechanical to electrical - such as generation and microphones. • Electrical to mechanical - such as motors, loudspeakers, charged particle deflection. • Mechanical to heat - such as eddy current and hysteresis torque devices. • Special effects - such as magneto resistance, Hall effect devices, and magnetic resonance. There are four classes of modern commercialized magnets, each based on its material composition. Within each class is a family of grades with their own magnetic properties. These general classes are: • Neodymium iron boron • Samarium cobalt • Ferrite • Alnico Neodymium iron boron and samarium cobalt are collectively known as rare earth magnets because they are both composed of materials from the rare earth group of elements. Neodymium iron boron (general composition Nd2Fe14B, often abbreviated as NdFeB) is the most recent commercial addition to the family of modern magnet materials. At room temperatures, NdFeB magnets exhibit the highest properties of all magnet materials. Samarium cobalt is manufactured in two compositions: Sm1Co5 and Sm2Co17, often referred to as the SmCo 1:5 or SmCo 2:17 types. 2:17 types, with high Hci values, offer greater inherent stability that the 1:5 types. Ferrite magnets, also known as ferrite magnets (general composition BaFe2O3 or SrFe2O3) have been commercialized since the 1950’s and continue to be extensively used today due to their low cost. A special form of Ferrite magnet is “Flexible” material, made by bonding Ferrite powder in a flexible binder. Alnico magnets (general composition Al-Ni-Co) were commercialized in the 1930’s and are still used extensively today. These materials span a range of properties that accommodate a wide variety of application requirements. The following pages are intended to give a broad but practical overview of the factors that must be considered in selecting the proper material, grade, shape, and size of magnet for a specific applications. The chart below shows typical values of the key characteristics for selected grades of various materials for comparison. Basic problems of permanent magnet design revolve around estimating the distribution of magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit, which may include permanent magnets, air gaps, high permeability conduction elements, and electrical currents. Exact solutions of magnetic fields require complex analysis of many factors, although approximate solutions are possible based on certain simplifying assumptions. Obtaining an optimum magnet design often involves experience and tradeoffs. © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[18]=new Array("design_guide.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Site Map Design Guide Introduction Modern magnetic materials Units of measure Design considerations Permanent magnetic stability Physical characteristics and machining of permanent magnets Manufacturing methods Coatings Assembly considerations Magnetization Measurement and testing Handling and storage Quick reference specification checklist Click here to download an interactive spreadsheet that will help you design your own magnets. 1.0 Introduction Magnets are an important part of our daily lives, serving as essential components in everything from electric motors, loudspeakers, computers, compact disc players, microwave ovens and the family car, to instrumentation, production equipment, and research. Their contribution is often overlooked because they are built into devices and are usually out of sight. Magnets function as transducers, transforming energy from one form to another, without any permanent loss of their own energy. General categories of permanent magnet functions are: Mechanical to mechanical - such as attraction and repulsion. Mechanical to electrical - such as generators and microphones. Electrical to mechanical - such as motors, loudspeakers, charged particle deflection. Mechanical to heat - such as eddy current and hysteresis torque devices. Special effects - such as magneto resistance, Hall effect devices, and magnetic resonance. The following sections will provide a brief insight into the design and application of permanent magnets. The Design Engineering team at Magnet Applications Group will be happy to assist you further in your applications. TOP 2.0 Modern Magnet Materials There are four classes of modern commercialized magnets, each based on their material composition. Within each class is a family of grades with their own magnetic properties. These general classes are: • Neodymium Iron Boron • Samarium Cobalt • Ferrite • Alnico NdFeB and SmCo are collectively known as Rare Earth magnets because they are both composed of materials from the Rare Earth group of elements. Neodymium Iron Boron (general composition Nd 2 Fe 14 B, often abbreviated to NdFeB) is the most recent commercial addition to the family of modern magnet materials. At room temperatures, NdFeB magnets exhibit the highest properties of all magnet materials. Samarium Cobalt is manufactured in two compositions: Sm 1 Co 5 and Sm 2 Co 17 - often referred to as the SmCo 1:5 or SmCo 2:17 types. 2:17 types, with higher H ci values, offer greater inherent stability than the 1:5 types. Ferrite magnets (general composition BaFe 2 O 3 or SrFe 2 O 3 ) have been commercialized since the 1950s and continue to be extensively used today due to their low cost. A special form of Ferrite magnet is \"Flexible \" material, made by bonding Ferrite powder in a flexible binder. Alnico magnets (general composition Al-Ni-Co) were commercialized in the 1930s and are still extensively used today. These materials span a range of properties that accommodate a wide variety of application requirements. The following is intended to give a broad but practical overview of factors that must be considered in selecting the proper material, grade, shape, and size of magnet for a specific application. The chart below shows typical values of the key characteristics for selected grades of various materials for comparison. These values will be discussed in detail in the following sections. Table 2.1 Magnet Material Comparisons Material Grade Br Hc Hci BHmax T max (Deg C)* NdFeB 39H 12,800 12,300 21,000 40 150 SmCo 26 10,500 9,200 10,000 26 300 NdFeB B10N 6,800 5,780 10,300 10 150 Alnico 5 12,500 640 640 5.5 540 Ferrite 8 3,900 3,200 3,250 3.5 300 Flexible 1 1,600 1,370 1,380 0.6 100 * T max (maximum practical operating temperature) is for reference only. The maximum practical operating temperature of any magnet is dependent on the circuit the magnet is operating in. TOP 3.0 Units of Measure Three systems of units of measure are common: the cgs (centimeter, gram, second), SI (meter, kilogram, second), and English (inch, pound, second) systems. This catalog uses the cgs system for magnetic units, unless otherwise specified. Table 3.1 Units of Measure Systems Unit Symbol cgs System SI System English System Flux ø maxwell weber Maxwell Flux Density B gauss tesla lines/in 2 Magnetomotive Force F gilbert ampere turn ampere turn Magnetizing Force H oersted ampere turns/m ampere turns/in Length L cm m in Permeability of a vacuum µ v 1 0.4 x 10 -6 3.192 Table 3.2 Conversion Factors Multiply By To obtain inches 2.54 centimeters lines/in 2 0.155 Gauss lines/in 2 1.55 x 10 -5 Tesla Gauss 6.45 lines/in 2 Gauss 0 -4 Tesla Gilberts 0.79577 ampere turns Oersteds 9.577 ampere turns/m ampere turns 0.4 Gilberts ampere turns/in 0.495 Oersteds ampere turns/in 39.37 ampere turns/m TOP 4.0 Design Considerations Basic problems of permanent magnet design revolve around estimating the distribution of magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit, which may include permanent magnets, air gaps, high permeability conduction elements, and electrical currents. Exact solutions of magnetic fields require complex analysis of many factors, although approximate solutions are possible based on certain simplifying assumptions. Obtaining an optimum magnet design often involves experience and tradeoffs. 4.1 Finite Element Analysis Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling programs are used to analyze magnetic problems in order to arrive at more exact solutions, which can then be tested and fine tuned against a prototype of the magnet structure. Using FEA models flux densities, torques, and forces may be calculated. Results can be output in various forms, including plots of vector magnetic potentials, flux density maps, and flux path plots. The Design Engineering team at Magnet Applications has extensive experience in many types of magnetic designs and is able to assist in the design and execution of FEA models. 4.2 The B-H Curve The basis of magnet design is the B-H curve, or hysteresis loop, which characterizes each magnet material. This curve describes the cycling of a magnet in a closed circuit as it is brought to saturation, demagnetized, saturated in the opposite direction, and then demagnetized again under the influence of an external magnetic field. The second quadrant of the B-H curve, commonly referred to as the \"Demagnetization Curve \", describes the conditions under which permanent magnets are used in practice. A permanent magnet will have a unique, static operating point if air-gap dimensions are fixed and if any adjacent fields are held constant. Otherwise, the operating point will move about the demagnetization curve, the manner of which must be accounted for in the design of the device. The three most important characteristics of the B-H curve are the points at which it intersects the B and H axes (at B r - the residual induction - and HC - the coercive force - respectively), and the point at which the product of B and H are at a maximum (BH max - the maximum energy product). B r represents the maximum flux the magnet is able to produce under closed circuit conditions. In actual useful operation permanent magnets can only approach this point. HC represents the point at which the magnet becomes demagnetized under the influence of an externally applied magnetic field. BH max represents the point at which the product of B and H, and the energy density of the magnetic field into the air gap surrounding the magnet, is at a maximum. The higher this product, the smaller need be the volume of the magnet. Designs should also account for the variation of the B-H curve with temperature. When plotting a B-H curve, the value of B is obtained by measuring the total flux in the magnet (ø)and then dividing this by the magnet pole area (A) to obtain the flux density (B=ø/A). The total flux is composed of the flux produced in the magnet by the magnetizing field (H), and the intrinsic ability of the magnet material to produce more flux due to the orientation of the domains. The flux density of the magnet is therefore composed of two components, one equal to the applied H, and the other created by the intrinsic ability of ferromagnetic materials to produce flux. The intrinsic flux density is given the symbol B i where total flux B = H + BI , or, BI = B - H. In normal operating conditions, no external magnetizing field is present, and the magnet operates in the second quadrant, where H has a negative value. Although strictly negative, H is usually referred to as a positive number, and therefore, in normal practice, BI = B + H. It is possible to plot an intrinsic as well as a normal B-H curve. The point at which the intrinsic curve crosses the H axis is the intrinsic coercive force, and is given the symbol H ci . High H ci values are an indicator of inherent stability of the magnet material. The normal curve can be derived from the intrinsic curve and vice versa. In practice, if a magnet is operated in a static manner with no external fields present, the normal curve is sufficient for design purposes. When external fields are present, the normal and intrinsic curves are used to determine the changes in the intrinsic properties of the material. 4.3 Magnet Calculations In the absence of any coil excitation, the magnet length and pole area may be determined by the following equations: Equation 1 and Equation 2 where B m = the flux density at the operating point, H m = the magnetizing force at the operating point, A g , = the air-gap area, L g = the air-gap length, B g = the gap flux density, A m = the magnet pole area, and L m = the magnet length. Combining the two equations, the permeance coefficient P c may be determined as follows: Equation 3 Strictly, where µ is the permeability of the medium, and k is a factor which takes account of leakage and reluctance that are functions of the geometry and composition of the magnetic circuit. (The intrinsic permeance coefficient P ci = B i /H. Since the normal permeance coefficient PC = B/H, and B = H + B i , PC = (H + B i )/H or PC = 1 + B i /H. Even though the value of H in the second quadrant is actually negative, H is conventionally referred to as a positive number. Taking account of this convention, PC = 1 - B i /H, or B i /H = P ci = PC + 1. In other words, the intrinsic permeance coefficient is equal to the normal permeance coefficient plus 1. This is a useful relationship when working on magnet systems that involve the presence of external fields.) The permeance coefficient is a useful first order relationship, helpful in pointing towards the appropriate magnet material, and to the approximate dimensions of the magnet. The objective of good magnet design is usually to minimize the required volume of magnet material by operating the magnet at BH max . We can compare the various magnet materials for general characteristics using equation 3 above. Consider that a particular field is required in a given air-gap, so that the parameters B g , H g (air-gap magnetizing force), A g , and L g are known. • Alnico 5 has the ability to provide very high levels of flux density BM , which is often desirable in high performance electromechanical devices. This is accompanied, however, by a low coercivity H m , and so some considerable magnet length will be required. • Alnico 8 operates at a higher magnetizing force, H m , needing a smaller length L m , but will yield a lower BM , and would therefore require a larger magnet area A m . • Rare Earth materials offer reasonable to high values of flux density at very high values of magnetizing force. Consequently, very short magnet lengths are needed, and the required volume of this material will be small. • Ferrite operates at relatively low flux densities, and will therefore need a correspondingly greater pole face area, A m . The permeance coefficient method using the demagnetization curves allows for initial selection of magnet material, based upon the space available in the device, this determining allowable magnet dimensions. 4.3.1 Calculation Of Flux Density On A Magnet \'s Central Line For magnet materials with straight-line normal demagnetization curves such as Rare Earths and Ferrites, it is possible to calculate with reasonable accuracy the flux density at a distance X from the pole surface (where X>0) on the magnetic centerline under a variety of conditions. a. Cylindrical Magnets Equation 4 Table 4.1 shows flux density calculations for a magnet 0.500 \" in diameter by 0.250 \" long at a distance of 0.050 \" from the pole surface, for various materials. Note that you may use any unit of measure for dimensions; since the equation is a ratio of dimensions, the result is the same using any unit system. The resultant flux density is in units of gauss. Table 4.1 Flux Density vs. Material Material and Grade Residual Flux Density, Br Flux at distance of 0.050 \" from surface of magnet Ferrite 1 2,200 629 Ferrite 5 3,950 1,130 SmCo 18 8,600 2,460 SmCo 26 10,500 3,004 NdFeB 35 12,300 3,518 NdFeB 42H 13,300 3,804 b. Rectangular Magnets Equation 5 (where all angles are in radians) c. For a Magnet on a Steel Back plate Equation 6 Substitute 2L for L in the above formulae. d. For Identical Magnets Facing Each Other in Attracting Positions Equation 7 The value of B x at the gap center is double the value of B x in case 3. At a point P, B p is the sum of B (x-p) and B (XP) , where (X+P) and (XP) substitute for X in case 3. e. For Identical, Yoked Magnets Facing Each Other in Attracting Positions Equation 8 Substitute 2L for L in case 4, and adopt the same procedure to calculate BP 4.3.2 Force Calculations The attractive force exerted by a magnet to a ferromagnetic material may be calculated by: Equation 9 where F is the force in pounds, B is the flux density in Kilogauss, and A is the pole area in square inches. Calculating B is a complicated task if it is to be done in a rigorous manner. However, it is possible to approximate the holding force of certain magnets in contact with a piece of steel using the relationship: Equation 10 where B r is the residual flux density of the material, A is the pole area in square inches, and L m is the magnetic length. This formula is only intended to give an order of magnitude for the holding force that is available from a magnet with one pole in direct contact with a flat, machined, steel surface. The formula can only be used with straight-line demagnetization curve materials - i.e. for rare earth and Ferrite materials - and where the magnet length, L m , is kept within the bounds of normal, standard magnet configurations. TOP © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[19]=new Array("design_guide2.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Site Map Design Guide Introduction Modern magnetic materials Units of measure Design considerations Permanent magnetic stability Physical characteristics and machining of permanent magnets Manufacturing methods Coatings Assembly considerations Magnetization Measurement and testing Handling and storage Quick reference specification checklist Click here to download an interactive spreadsheet that will help you design your own magnets. 5.0 Permanent Magnet Stability The ability of a permanent magnet to support an external magnetic field results from small magnetic domains \"locked \" in position by crystal anisotropy within the magnet material. Once established by initial magnetization, these positions are held until acted upon by forces exceeding those that lock the domains. The energy required to disturb the magnetic field produced by a magnet varies for each type of material. Permanent magnets can be produced with extremely high coercive forces (H c ) that will maintain domain alignment in the presence of high external magnetic fields. Stability can be described as the repeated magnetic performance of a material under specific conditions over the life of the magnet. Factors affecting magnet stability include time, temperature, reluctance changes, adverse fields, radiation, shock, stress, and vibration. 5.1 Time The effect of time on modern permanent magnets is minimal. Studies have shown that permanent magnets will see changes immediately after magnetization. These changes, known as \"magnetic creep \", occur as less stable domains are affected by fluctuations in thermal or magnetic energy, even in a thermally stable environment. This variation is reduced as the number of unstable domains decreases. Rare Earth magnets are not as likely to experience this effect because of their extremely high coercivities. Long-term time versus flux studies have shown that a newly magnetized magnet will lose a minor percent of its flux as a function of age. Over 100,000 hours, these losses are in the range of essentially zero for Samarium Cobalt materials to less than 3% for Alnico 5 materials at low permeance coefficients. 5.2 Temperature Temperature effects fall into three categories: • Reversible losses. • Irreversible but recoverable losses. • Irreversible and unrecoverable losses. 5.2.1. Reversible losses. These are losses that are recovered when the magnet returns to its original temperature. Reversible losses cannot be eliminated by magnet stabilization. Reversible losses are described by the Reversible Temperature Coefficients (T c ), shown in table 5.1. T c is expressed as % per degree Centigrade. These figures vary for specific grades of each material but are representative of the class of material as a whole. It is because the temperature coefficients of B r and HC are significantly different that the demagnetization curve develops a \"knee \" at elevated temperatures. Table 5.1 Reversible Temperature Coefficients of B r and HC Material T c of B r T c of HC NdFeB -0.12 -0.6 SmCo -0.04 -0.3 Alnico -0.02 0.01 Ferrite -0.2 0.3 5.2.2. Irreversible but recoverable losses. These losses are defined as partial demagnetization of the magnet from exposure to high or low temperatures. These losses are only recoverable by remagnetization, and are not recovered when the temperature returns to its original value. These losses occur when the operating point of the magnet falls below the knee of the demagnetization curve. An efficient permanent magnet design should have a magnetic circuit in which the magnet operates at a permeance coefficient above the knee of the demagnetization curve at expected elevated temperatures. This will prevent performance variations at elevated temperatures. 5.2.3. Irreversible and unrecoverable losses. Metallurgical changes occur in magnets exposed to very high temperatures and are not recoverable by remagnetization. Table 5.2 shows critical temperatures for the various materials, wher e T Curie is the Curie temperature at which the elementary magnetic moments are randomized and the material is demagnetized; and T max is the maximum practical operating temperatures for general classes of major materials. Different grades of each material exhibit values differing slightly from the values shown here. Table 5.2 Critical Temperatures for Various Materials Material T Curie T max * Neodymium Iron Boron 310 (590) 150 (302) Samarium Cobalt 750 (1382) 300 (572) Alnico 860 (1580) 540 (1004) Ferrite 460 (860) 300 (572) (Temperatures are shown in degrees Centigrade with the Fahrenheit equivalent in parentheses.) * Note that the maximum practical operating temperature is dependent on the operating point of the magnet in the circuit. The higher the operating point on the Demagnetization Curve, the higher the temperature at which the magnet may operate. Flexible materials are not included in this table since the binders that are used to render the magnet flexible break down before metallurgical changes occur in the magnetic ferrite powder that provides flexible magnets with their magnetic properties. Partially demagnetizing a magnet by exposure to elevated temperatures in a controlled manner stabilizes the magnet with respect to temperature. The slight reduction in flux density improves a magnet \'s stability because domains with low commitment to orientation are the first to lose their orientation. A magnet thus stabilized will exhibit constant flux when exposed to equivalent or lesser temperatures. Moreover, a batch of stabilized magnets will exhibit lower variation of flux when compared to each other since the high end of the bell curve which characterizes normal variation will be brought in closer to the rest of the batch. 5.3 Reluctance Changes These changes occur when a magnet is subjected to permeance changes such as changes in air gap dimensions during operation. These changes will change the reluctance of the circuit, and may cause the magnet \'s operating point to fall below the knee of the curve, causing partial and/or irreversible losses. The extents of these losses depend upon the material properties and the extent of the permeance change. Stabilization may be achieved by pre-exposure of the magnet to the expected reluctance changes. 5.4 Adverse Fields External magnetic fields in repulsion modes will produce a demagnetizing effect on permanent magnets. Rare Earth magnets with coercive forces exceeding 15 KOe are difficult to affect in this manner. However, Alnico 5, with a coercive force of 640 Oe will encounter magnetic losses in the presence of any magnetic repelling force, including similar magnets. Applications involving Ferrite magnets with coercive forces of approximately 4KOe should be carefully evaluated in order to assess the effect of external magnetic fields. 5.5 Radiation Rare Earth materials are commonly used in charged particle beam deflection applications, and it is necessary to account for possible radiation effects on magnetic properties. Studies (A.F. Zeller and J.A. Nolen, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, 09/87, and E.W. Blackmore, TRIUMF, 1985) have shown that SmCo and especially Sm 2 Co 17 withstand radiation 2 to 40 times better than NdFeB materials. SmCo exhibits significant demagnetization when irradiated with a proton beam of 10 9 to 10 10 rads. NdFeB test samples were shown to lose all of their magnetization at a dose of 7 x 10 7 rads, and 50% at a dose of 4 x 10 6 rads. In general, it is recommended that magnet materials with high H ci values be used in radiation environments, that they be operated at high permeance coefficients, P c , and that they be shielded from direct heavy particle irradiation. Stabilization can be achieved by pre-exposure to expected radiation levels. 5.6 Shock, Stress, and Vibration Below destructive limits, these effects are very minor on modern magnet materials. However, rigid magnet materials are brittle in nature, and can easily be damaged or chipped by improper handling. Samarium Cobalt in particular is a fragile material and special handling precautions must be taken to avoid damage. Thermal shock when Ferrites and Samarium Cobalt magnets are exposed to high temperature gradients can cause fractures within the material and should be avoided. TOP 6.0 Manufacturing Methods Permanent magnets are manufactured by one of the following methods: • Sintering, (Rare Earths, Ferrites, and Alnicos) • Pressure Bonding or Injection Molding, (Rare Earths and Ferrites) • Casting, (Alnicos) • Extruding, (Bonded Neodymium and Ferrites) • Calendering (Neodymium and Ferrites) The sintering process involves compacting fine powders at high pressure in an aligning magnetic field, then sintering to fuse into a solid shape. After sintering, the magnet shape is rough, and will need to be machined to achieve close tolerances. The intricacy of shapes that can be thus pressed is limited. Rare Earth magnets may be die pressed (with pressure being applied in one direction) or isostatically pressed (with equal pressure being applied in all directions). Isostatically pressed magnets achieve higher magnetic properties than die pressed magnets. The aligning magnetic field for die pressed magnets can be either parallel or perpendicular to the pressing direction. Magnets pressed with the aligning field perpendicular to the pressing direction achieve higher magnetic properties than the parallel pressed form. Both Rare Earth and Ferrite magnets can also be manufactured by pressure bonding or injection molding the magnet powders in a carrier matrix. The density of magnet material in this form is lower than the pure sintered form, yielding lower magnetic properties. However, bonded or injection molded magnets may be made with close tolerances \"off-tool \" and in relatively intricate shapes. Alnico is manufactured in a cast or sintered form. Alnicos may be cast in large or complex shapes (such as the common horseshoe), while sintered Alnico magnets are made in relatively small sizes (normally one ounce or less) and in simple shapes. Flexible Rare Earth or Ferrite magnets are made by calendering or extruding magnet powders in a flexible carrier matrix such as vinyl. Magnet powder densities and therefore magnetic properties in this form of manufacture are even lower than the bonded or injection molded form. Flexible magnets are easily cut or punched to shape. TOP 7.0 Physical Characteristics and Machining of Permanent Magnets Sintered Samarium Cobalt and Ferrite magnets exhibit small cracks within the material that occur during the sintering process. Provided that cracks do not extend more than halfway through a section, they do not normally affect the operation of the magnet. This is also true for small chips that may occur during machining and handling of these magnets, especially on sharp edges. Magnets may be tumbled to break edges: this is done to avoid \"feathering \" of sharp edges due to the brittle nature of the materials. Tumbling can achieve edge breaks of 0.003 \" to 0.010 \". Although Neodymium Iron Boron is relatively tough as compared to Samarium Cobalt and Ferrite, it is still brittle and care must be taken in handling. Because of these inherent material characteristics, it is not advisable to use any permanent magnet material as a structural component of an assembly. Rare Earth, Alnico, and Ferrite magnets are machined by grinding, which may considerably affect the magnet cost. Maintaining simple geometries and wide tolerances is therefore desirable from an economic point of view. Rectangular or round sections are preferable to complex shapes. Square holes (even with large radii), and very small holes are difficult to machine and should be avoided. Magnets may be ground to virtually any specified tolerance. However, to reduce costs, tolerances of less than + 0.001 \" should be avoided if possible. Cast Alnico materials exhibit porosity as a natural consequence of the casting process. This may become a problem with small shapes, which are machined out of larger castings. The voids occupy a small portion of the larger casting, but can account for a large portion of the smaller fabricated magnets. This may cause a problem where uniformity or low variation is critical, and it may be advisable either to use a sintered Alnico, or another material. In spite of its slightly lower magnetic properties, sintered Alnico may yield a higher or more uniform net density, resulting in equal or higher net magnetic output. In applications where the cosmetic qualities of the magnet are of a concern, special attention should be placed on selecting the appropriate material, since cracks, chips, pores, and voids are common in rigid magnet materials. Magnet Sales & Manufacturing has extensive experience in the machining and handling of all permanent magnet materials. In house machining facilities allow the ability to deliver prototype to production quantities with short lead times. TOP 8.0 Coatings Samarium Cobalt, Alnico, and Ferrite materials are corrosion resistant, and do not require to be coated against corrosion. Alnico is easily plated for cosmetic qualities, and Ferrites may be coated to seal the surface, which will otherwise be covered by a thin film of ferrite powder (although not a problem for most applications). Neodymium Iron Boron magnets are susceptible to corrosion and consideration should be given to the operating environment to determine if coating is necessary. Nickel or tin plating may be used for Neodymium Iron Boron magnets, however, the material must be properly prepared and the plating process properly controlled for successful plating. Plating houses experienced in the plating of NdFeB materials are difficult to locate, and must be furnished with the necessary information for proper preparation and control of the process. Aluminum chromate or cadmium chromate vacuum deposition has been successfully tested, with coating thickness as low as 0.0005 \". Teflon and other organic coatings are relatively inexpensive and have also been successfully tested. A further option for critical applications is to apply two types of protective coatings or to encase the magnet in a stainless steel or other housing to reduce the chances of corrosion. TOP 9.0 Assembly Considerations Magnet Sales & Manufacturing Inc. has manufacturing capabilities to manufacture complex magnet pole pieces and housings to provide a complete magnet assembly. The following points should be considered when designing magnet assemblies. 9.1 Affixing Magnets to Housings Magnets can be successfully affixed to housings using adhesives. Cyanoacrylate adhesives that are rated to temperatures up to 350 F with fast cure times are most commonly used. Fast cure times avoid the need for fixtures to hold the magnets in place while the bond cures. Adhesives with higher temperature ratings are also available, but these require oven curing, and fixturing of the magnets to hold them in place. If magnet assemblies are to be used in a vacuum, potential out-gassing of the adhesives should be considered. 9.2 Housing Design Magnet Sales & Manufacturing is equipped with state of the art CNC and EDM equipment allowing the manufacture of complex housings. Effective magnet locating sections should be included in housing designs to support and locate magnets precisely. 9.3 Mechanical Fastening When arrays of magnets must be assembled, especially when the magnets must be placed in repelling positions, it is very important to consider safety issues. Modern magnet materials such as the Rare Earths are extremely powerful, and when in repulsion they can behave as projectiles if adhesives were to break down. We strongly recommend that in these situations mechanical fastening be included in the design in addition to adhesives. Potential methods of mechanical retention include encasement, pinning, or strapping the magnets in place with non-magnetic metal components. The Design Engineering team at Magnet Sales & Manufacturing is experienced in magnet housing and fastening designs, and we will be pleased to assist in arriving at an appropriate design. 9.4 Potting Magnet assemblies may be potted to fill gaps or to cover entire arrays of magnets. Potting compounds cure to hard and durable finishes, and are available to resist a variety of environments, such as elevated temperatures, water flow, etc. When cured, the potting compounds may be machined to provide accurate finished parts. 9.5 Welding Assemblies that are required to be hermetically sealed can be welded using either laser welding (which is not affected by the presence of magnetic fields) or TIG welding (using appropriate shunting elements to reduce the effect of magnetic fields on the weld arc). Special care should be taken when welding magnetic assemblies so that heat dissipation of the weld does not affect the magnets. TOP 10.0 Magnetization Permanent magnet materials are believed to be composed of small regions or \"domains \" each of which exhibit a net magnetic moment. An unmagnetized magnet will possess domains that are randomly oriented with respect to each other, providing a net magnetic moment of zero. Thus a magnet when demagnetized is only demagnetized from the observer \'s point of view. Magnetizing fields serve to align randomly oriented domains to give a net, externally observable field. 10.1 Objective of Magnetization The objective of magnetization is initially to magnetize a magnet to saturation, even if it will later be slightly demagnetized for stabilization purposes. Saturating the magnet and then demagnetizing it in a controlled manner ensures that the domains with the least commitment to orientation will be the first to lose their orientation, thereby leading to a more stable magnet. Not achieving saturation, on the other hand, leads to orientation of only the most weakly committed domains, hence leading to a less stable magnet. Anisotropic magnets must be magnetized parallel to the direction of orientation to achieve optimum magnetic properties. Isotropic magnets can be magnetized through any direction with little or no loss of magnetic properties. Slightly higher magnetic properties are obtained in the pressing direction. 10.2 Magnetizing Equipment Magnetization is accomplished by exposing the magnet to an externally applied magnetic field. This magnetic field may be created by other permanent magnets, or by currents flowing in coils. Using permanent magnets for magnetization is only practical for low coercivity or thin sections of materials. Removal of the magnetized specimen from the permanent magnet magnetizer can be problematic since the field cannot be turned off, and fringing fields may adversely affect the magnetization of the specimen. The two most common types of magnetizing equipment are the DC and capacitor discharge magnetizers. 10.2.1 DC Magnetizers DC magnetizers employ large coils through which a current is applied for a short duration by closing a switch. The current flowing through the coil produces a magnetic field, which is usually directed by the use of iron cores and pole pieces, and magnets are placed in the gap between the pole pieces. DC magnetizers are only practical for magnetizing Alnico materials, which have a low magnetizing force requirement, or small sections of Ferrite materials. 10.2.2 Capacitor Discharge Magnetizers Capacitor discharge magnetizers employ capacitor banks that are charged, and then discharged through a coil. Provided the coil has a resistance, R, which is greater than , where L is the inductance and C the capacitance, the current flowing though the coil will be unidirectional. Extremely high magnetizing fields (in the range of 100 KOe) can be achieved using special coils and power supplies. 10.3 Saturation Fields Required Some Rare Earth magnets require very high magnetizing fields in the 20 to 50 KOe range. These fields are difficult to produce requiring large power supplies in conjunction with carefully designed magnetizing fixtures. Isotropic bonded Neodymium materials require fields in the high 60 KOe range to be fully saturated. However, fields in the 30 KOe range may achieve 98% of saturation. Ferrites require fields in the order of 10 KOe, while Alnicos require fields in the range of 3 KOe for saturation. Because of the ease by which Alnico 5 can become inadvertently demagnetized, it is preferable for this material to be magnetized just prior to or even after final assembly of the magnet into the device. 10.4 Multiple Pole Magnetization In certain cases, it may be desirable to magnetize a magnet with more than one pole on a single pole surface. This may be accomplished by constructing special magnetizing fixtures. Multiple pole magnetizing fixtures are relatively simple to build for Alnico and Ferrite, but require great care in design and construction for Rare Earth materials. Magnetizing with multiple poles will sometimes eliminate the need for several discrete magnets, reducing assembly costs, although a cost will be incurred for building an appropriate magnetizing fixture. Multiple pole fixtures for Rare Earth magnets may cost several thousand dollars to build, depending on the size of the magnet, the number of poles required, and the fields necessary to achieve saturation. 10.5 The Orientation Direction Some applications require magnets oriented in a particular direction with a high degree of accuracy. This direction may or may not coincide with a geometrical plane of the magnet. For anisotropic materials the orientation direction can normally be held within 3° of the nominal with no special precautions. However, more precise requirements may need special measurement and testing. This is achieved by the use of Helmholtz coils, which measure the total flux in various axes, and thence calculating the resultant magnetic moment vector. Materials must be cut and machined taking into account the actual angle of orientation to achieve the required accuracy. Isotropic materials may be magnetized in any direction, and therefore pose no problem in this regard. TOP 11.0 Measurement and Testing It is important that incoming inspection of magnetic characteristics be clearly and properly specified. End point characteristics (such as B r or HC ) cannot be directly observed; therefore inspection personnel should not expect to measure 8,500 Gauss on a SmCo 18 magnet even though the B r is specified at 8,500 Gauss. A test method or combination of test methods should be based upon the criticality of the requirement, and the cost and ease of performing tests. Ideally, the test results should be able to be directly translated into functional performance of the magnet. A sampling plan should be specified which inspects the parameters which are critical to the application. A brief description of some common test methods follows below. 11.1 B-H Curves B-H curves may be plotted with the use of a permeameter. These curves completely characterize the magnetic properties of the material at a specific temperature. In order to plot a B-H curve, a sample of specific size must be used, then cycled through a magnetization/demagnetization cycle. This test is expensive to perform due to the length of time required to complete. The test is destructive to the sample piece in many cases, and is not practical to perform on a large sample of finished magnets. However, when magnets are machined from a larger block, the supplier may be requested to provide B-H curves for the starting raw stock of magnet material. 11.2 Total Flux Using a test set up consisting of a Helmholtz coil pair connected to a fluxmeter, total flux measurements can be made to obtain total dipole moments, and interpolated to obtain close estimates of B r , HC , and BH max . The angle of orientation of the magnet can also be determined using this method. This is a quick and reliable test, and one that is not overly sensitive to magnet placement within the coil. 11.3 Flux Density Flux density measurements are made using a gaussmeter and an appropriate probe. The probe contains a Hall Effect device whose voltage output is proportional to the flux density encountered. Two types of probe construction ( axial , where the lines of flux traveling parallel to the probe holder, and transverse where the lines of flux traveling perpendicular to the probe holder, are measured) allow the measurement of flux density of magnets in various configurations. The placement of the probe with respect to the magnet is critical in order to obtain comparable measurements from magnet to magnet. This is accomplished by building a holding fixture for the magnet and probe, so that their positions are fixed relative to each other. 11.4 Flux Maps Using special scanners equipped with 3-axis Hall probes, magnetic arrays can be mapped, to capture flux densities in x, y, and z directions with a specified number of data points across the entire array. The resulting data can then be output as a flux contour map, as flux vectors, or as a data table for further analysis. 11.5 Pull Tests This is a commonly used test for magnets. The pull of the magnet is proportional to B 2 , and is therefore very sensitive to the value of B. Variations in B occur due to variations in the inherent properties of the magnet itself, as well as environmental effects such as temperature, composition and condition of the material that the magnet is being tested on, measurement equipment, and operator. Since B decays exponentially from a zero air gap, small inadvertently introduced air gaps between the magnet and the test material can have a large effect on the measured pull. It is therefore recommended that pull be tested at a positive air gap. Performing pull tests at a number of air gaps, and plotting results as air gap vs. (pull) 1/2 , provides a more accurate description of the pull characteristics of the magnet. Extrapolating from this pull at zero air-gap may be calculated. 11.6 Other Functional Tests These should be determined according to the application and after discussion with the supplier. They may involve complex tests such as a profile of flux density along a specified axis, flux uniformity requirements within a defined volume, or relatively simple tests such as a torque test. TOP 12.0 Handling and Storage Handle magnets with care! Personnel wearing pacemakers should not handle magnets. Magnets should be kept away from sensitive electronic equipment. Modern magnet materials are extremely strong magnetically and somewhat weak mechanically. Any person required to handle magnets should be appropriately trained about the potential dangers of handling magnets. Injury is possible to personnel, and magnets themselves can easily get damaged if allowed to snap towards each other, or if nearby metal objects are allowed to be attracted to the magnets. Materials with low coercive forces such as Alnico 5 must be carefully handled and stored when received in a magnetized condition. When stored, these magnets should be maintained on a \"keeper \" which provides a closed loop protecting the magnet from adverse fields. Bringing together like poles in repulsion would lead to irreversible, though re-magnetizable, losses. Samarium Cobalt should be carefully handled and stored due to the extremely brittle nature of the material. Uncoated Neodymium magnets should be stored so as to minimize the risk of corrosion. In general, it is preferable to store magnetized materials under vacuum-sealed film so that the magnets do not collect ferromagnetic dust particles over time, since cleaning this accumulated dust is time consuming. TOP 13.0 Quick Reference Specification Checklist When requesting design assistance, information should establish adverse conditions to which the magnet may be subjected - for example unusual temperatures, humidity, radiation, demagnetizing fields produced by other parts of the magnetic circuit, etc. The various magnet materials react differently under different environmental conditions, and it is most likely that a material can be selected which will maximize the chances of success, provided that all relevant information is conveyed. The following checklist may be helpful in constructing and communicating specifications for permanent magnets: Material type Nominal, minimum and/or maximum magnetic properties (B r , HC , H ci , BH max ) Geometry and tolerances of magnet Orientation direction (and tolerance of orientation direction if critical) Whether to be supplied magnetized or not Marking requirements Coating requirements Acceptance tests or performance requirements Inspection sampling plan Packaging and identification NdFeB 39H 12,800 12,300 21,000 40 150 SmCo 26 10,500 9,200 10,000 26 300 NdFeB B10N 6,800 5,780 10,300 10 150 Alnico 5 12,500 640 640 5.5 540 Ferrite 8 3,900 3,200 3,250 3.5 300 Flexible 1 1,600 1,370 1,380 0.6 100 * T max (maximum practical operating temperature) is for reference only. The maximum practical operating temperature of any magnet is dependent on the circuit the magnet is operating in. TOP © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[20]=new Array("design_program.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Design Program Designing a magnetic circuit is a complex matter involving a number of parameters and an aspect that is a core expertise of the company. However in order to provide scoping on possible magnet sizes and geometries we have made available an easy to follow program which can be downloaded by visitors to this site. It covers a range of standard materials and geometries including pole piece arrangements and can determine the field around a particular magnet - even across an airgap, or conversely the size of a magnet to fulfill a determined field requirement. This should be used as the first step or iteration prior to completing a full design exercise. As such, Magnet Applications will not be held responsible for a failure in a system attributed to using solely the information provided in this guide or used without the specific written assurance by our staff. Download our interactive spreadsheet for you to design your own magnet. Design Program © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[21]=new Array("design_programm.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks title © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[22]=new Array("events.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Under Construction © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[23]=new Array("faq.htm","Magnet Manufacturers, UK – Magnet Applications - Frequently Asked Questions ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Frequently Asked Questions What does a magnet do? What are permanent magnets made of? How are magnets made? How permanent is a magnet \'s strength? Will magnets lose their power over time? What might affect a magnet \'s strength? How does a magnet \'s strength drop off over distance? What is the governing equation for field strength relative to distance? Can a magnet that has lost its magnetism be re-magnetized? Can I make a magnet that I already have any stronger? How do you measure the strength or power of a magnet? If I have a Neo magnet with a Br of 12,300 Gauss, should I be able to measure 12,300 Gauss on its surface? What are Magnetic Poles? What are the standard industry definitions of \"North \" and \"South \" Pole? Can a particular pole be identified? How can you tell which is the North Pole if it is not marked? What are the different types of magnets available? What are Rare Earth Magnets? Which are the strongest magnets? What does \'orientation direction \' mean? What does a magnet do? Magnets do the following things: Attract certain materials - such as iron, nickel, cobalt, certain steels and other alloys; Exert an attractive or repulsive force on other magnets (opposite poles attract, like poles repel); Have an effect on electrical conductors when the magnet and conductor are moving in relation to each other; Have an effect on the path taken by electrically charged particles traveling in free space. Based on these effects, magnets transform energy from one form to another, without any permanent loss of their own energy. Examples of magnet functions are: A. Mechanical to mechanical - such as attraction and repulsion. B. Mechanical to electrical - such as generators and microphones. C. Electrical to mechanical - such as motors, loudspeakers, charged particle deflection. D. Mechanical to heat - such as eddy current and hysteresis torque devices. E. Special effects - such as magneto-resistance, Hall effect devices, and magnetic resonance. What are permanent magnets made of? Modern permanent magnets are made of special alloys that have been found through research to create increasingly better magnets. The most common families of magnet materials today are ones made out of aluminum-nickel-cobalt (Alnico), strontium-iron (Ferrites, also known as Ferrites), neodymium-iron-boron (neo magnets, sometimes referred to as \"super magnets \"), and samarium-cobalt. (The samarium-cobalt and neodymium-iron-boron families are collectively known as the Rare Earths). How are magnets made? Modern magnet materials are made through casting, pressing and sintering, compression bonding, injection molding, extruding, or calendering processes. How permanent is a magnet \'s strength? If a magnet is stored away from power lines, other magnets, high temperatures, and other factors that adversely affect the magnet, it will retain its magnetism essentially forever. Will magnets lose their power over time? Modern magnet materials do lose a very small fraction of their magnetism over time. For samarium cobalt materials, for example, this has been shown to be less that 1% over a period of ten years. What might affect a magnet \'s strength? The factors can affect a magnet \'s strength: Heat Radiation Strong electrical currents in close proximity to the magnet Other magnets in close proximity to the magnet (Neo magnets will corrode in high humidity environments unless they have a protective coating.) Shock and vibration do not affect modern magnet materials, unless sufficient to physically damage the material. How does a magnet \'s strength drop off over distance? The strength of a magnetic field drops off roughly exponentially over distance. Here is an example of how the field (measured in Gauss) drops off with distance for a Samarium Cobalt Grade 18 disc magnet which is 1 \" in diameter and 1/2 \" long. Distance, x Field at Distance x 0.063 2,690 0.125 2,320 0.188 1,970 0.250 1,660 0.313 1,390 0.375 1,160 0.438 970 0.500 810 0.563 680 0.625 580 0.688 490 0.750 420 0.813 360 0.875 310 0.938 270 1.000 240 What is the governing equation for field strength relative to distance? For a circular magnet with a radius of R and Length L, the field at the centerline of the magnet a distance X from the surface can be calculated by the following formula (where Br is the Residual Induction of the material): Can a magnet that has lost its magnetism be re-magnetized? Provided that the material has not been damaged by extreme heat, the magnet can be re-magnetized back to its original strength. Can I make a magnet that I already have any stronger? Once a magnet is fully magnetized, it cannot be made any stronger - it is \"saturated. \" In that sense, magnets are like buckets of water: once they are full, they can \'t get any \"fuller. \" How do you measure the strength or power of a magnet? Most commonly, Gaussmeters, Magnetometers, or Pull-Testers are used to measure the strength of a magnet. Gaussmeters measure the strength in Gauss, Magnetometers measure in Gauss or arbitrary units (so its easy to compare one magnet to another), and Pull-Testers can measure pull in pounds, kilograms, or other force units. Special Gaussmeters can cost several thousands of dollars. We stock several types of Gaussmeters that cost between $400 and $1,500 each. If I have a neo magnet with a Br of 12,300 Gauss, should I be able to measure 12,300 Gauss on its surface? No. The Br value is measured under closed circuit conditions. A closed circuit magnet is not of much use. In practice, you will measure a field that is less than 12,300 Gauss close to the surface of the magnet. The actual measurement will depend on whether the magnet has any steel attached to it, how far away from the surface you make the measurement, and the size of the magnet (assuming that the measurement is being made at room temperature). For example, a 1 \" diameter Grade 35 Neo magnet that is 1/4 \"long, will measure approximately 2,500 Gauss 1/16 \" away from the surface, and 2,200 Gauss 1/8 \" away from the surface. What are Magnetic Poles? Magnetic Poles are the surfaces from which the invisible lines of magnetic flux emanate and connect on return to the magnet. What are the standard industry definitions of \"North \" and \"South \" Pole? The North Pole is defined as the pole of a magnet that, when free to rotate, seeks the North Pole of the Earth. In other words, the North Pole of a magnet seeks the North Pole of the Earth. Similarly, the South Pole of a magnet seeks the South Pole of the Earth. Can a particular pole be identified? Yes, the North or South Pole of a magnet can be marked if specified. How can you tell which is the North Pole if it is not marked? You can \'t tell by looking. You can tell by placing a compass close to the magnet. The end of the needle that normally points toward the North Pole of the Earth would point to the South Pole of the magnet. What are the different types of magnets available? There are 2 types of magnets: permanent magnets and electromagnets. Permanent magnets emit a magnetic field without the need for any external source of power. Electromagnets require electricity in order to behave as a magnet. There are various different types of permanent magnet materials, each with their own unique characteristics. Each different material has a family of grades that have properties slightly different from each other, though based on the same composition. What are Rare Earth Magnets? Rare earth magnets are magnets that are made out of the rare earth group of elements. The most common rare earth magnets are the neodymium-jron-boron and samarium cobalt types. Which are the strongest magnets? The most powerful magnets available today are the rare earths types. Of the rare earths, neodymium-iron-boron types are the strongest. However, at elevated temperatures (of approximately 150 C and above), the samarium cobalt types can be stronger that the neodymium-iron-boron types (depending on the magnetic circuit). What does \'orientation direction \' mean? Most modern magnet materials have a \"grain \" in that they can be magnetized for maximum effect only through one direction. This is the \"orientation direction \", also known as the \"easy axis \", or \"axis \". Unoriented magnets (also known as \"isotropic magnets \") are much weaker than oriented magnets, and can be magnetized in any direction. Oriented magnets (also known as \"anisotropic magnets \") are not the same in every direction - they have a preferred direction in which they should be magnetized. © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[24]=new Array("ferrite.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Ferrite  Magnets • Chemically inert so excellent corrosion resistance • Good demagnetization resistance • Cost effective • Wide range of forms (usually machined to size) Ferrites first became commercially available in the 1950’s and are the most commonly used permanent magnets today, mainly because of their cost effectiveness. They are produced by traditional powder pressing and sintering processes using a compound of ferric oxide and either barium or strontium carbonate. The anisotropic grades are field aligned during pressing and in all cases the compact requires machining to size. Standards vs Specials There is a wide range of standard tooling for discs, rings and blocks. Where one doesn \'t exist and the volume required is high, it is usual to press to the approximate size and post machine. For lower volume and particularly for high precision parts we slice and machine from master blocks. Tooling for Ferram I isotropic magnets is inexpensive, but is a major consideration on the anisotropic Ferram A grades. As with the other materials we sell, we offer subassembly options and complex magnetizations. Please click here for typical properties of ferrite magnets. © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[25]=new Array("ferriteproperties.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Ferrite  Magnets Properties FERRITE Br HcB jHc BHMax Recoil Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * Gauss Oersteds Oersteds MGOe Permeability Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C F8 3900 3200 3250 3.5 1.06 5 450 300 0.2 0.5+ F5 3950 2400 2450 3.6 1.06 5 450 300 0.2 0.4+ F1 2200 1900 3250 1.1 1.15 4.8 450 350 0.2 0.4+ * For temperature coefficients the figures are negative unless otherwise stated. The properties quoted are in the main nominals and mostly shape/geometry dependent. If certain characteristics are critical to the application, our advice is to obtain specific data either from the user \'s own tests or by request to the company. These are representative grades and others are available upon request. Where practical we will produce grades for specific application. Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[26]=new Array("flexible.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Flexibles Magnets Cost effective Easy to use and process Durable & shock resistant Inexpensive tooling Very thin sheet available where this is a limitation Steel backed option, Placam, considerably increases holding force This is produced by heavily loading ferrite powder of barium or strontium base into a synthetic rubber or PVC matrix and either extruding to shape or calendering into thin sheets. In some cases an orientation is introduced mechanically or by external field but the product is always magnetized by a second operation. The first major application appeared in the early 1960 \'s which was the refrigerator door seal and applications now abound, from simple holding and display products, through to technical ones such as permanent magnet motors and sensors. Available Forms Most grades are flexible and we produce in sheet, roll and strip as well as parts pressed to end shape. It is also supplied in a range of thicknesses from 0.5mm upwards and as an option - with adhesive backing or colored vinyl which can be printed upon. The material can be pre-slit, scored or cut to length. Alternatively, users can easily cut or stamp as handling presents no risk of demagnetization or other hazard. Cost Effectiveness The raw materials are inexpensive and where standards do not exist, most tooling is low cost. Magnetic rubber requires no corrosion protection and is very easy to process, making it \'s use in low or high volume economical. Steel Backed Rubber Most forms are flexible, but to greatly increase the holding power we produce a variant, PLACAM, which has a thin steel backing to concentrate the magnetic flux. This also makes the sheet semi-rigid and it is necessary to use a guillotine or punch for the finished part, although we stock a range of discs and rings. Design Considerations The magnetization for holding materials is in narrow parallel poles. In some instances specific patterns are necessary, for example when two pieces need to be held together and in this case, special magnetizing fixtures are designed and built by us. The temperature is limited by the binder to around 70 ° C, but grades with superior temperature and oil resistance are available to order. When used for toys and games, for safety reasons, Strontium ferrite should be specified. Please click here for typical properties of flexible magnets © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[27]=new Array("flexibleproperties.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Flexibles Magnets Properties BONDED Br HcB jHc BHMax Recoil Permeability Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * Gauss Oersteds Oersteds MGOe Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C Bremag compression molded NdFeB B10-B 6850 5800 9100 10 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 B10-C 6350 5600 13900 8.8 1.15 5.9 470 150 0.070 0.40 SB90 6350 5400 9100 8.5 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 SB75 5300 4600 9100 6.2 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 SB65 4400 3900 9100 4.3 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 SB50 3400 3100 9100 2.6 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 Neoplast injection molded NdFeB N45/60 5500 4700 9000 6 1.15 5.5 360 110 0.100 0.40 N38/60 5000 4000 9000 5 1.15 5 360 110 0.100 0.40 N30/60 4500 3900 9000 4 1.15 4.5 360 110 0.100 0.40 Feplast injection molded Ferrite FE16/21 2800 2250 2170 1.8 1.05 3.6 450 150 0.200 0.30+ FE12/22 2600 2200 2800 1.5 1.05 3.4 450 150 0.200 0.30+ FE3/17 1300 1100 2200 0.36 1.15 3.4 450 140 0.200 0.30+ Flexor ferrite rubber F60 2650 2200 2400 1.6 1.06 3.9 450 100 0.200 0.30+ F45 2400 2300 2700 1.4 1.05 3.5 450 80 0.200 0.30+ F15 2200 2000 2300 1.1 1.05 3.5 450 80 0.200 0.30+ FY 2000 1600 n/a 0.8 1.05 3.5 450 80 0.200 0.30+ * For temperature coefficients the figures are negative unless otherwise stated. The properties quoted are in the main nominals and mostly shape/geometry dependent. If certain characteristics are critical to the application , our advice is to obtain specific data either from the user \'s own tests or by request to the company. These are representative grades and others are available upon request. Where practical we will produce grades for specific application. Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[28]=new Array("highenergy.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks High Energy Compression Molded NdFeB Magnets Magfine® anisotropic powder is produced by Aichi Steel Corp., a Toyota Group Company. This powder is used to make compression and injection molded magnets to net shape and ready to use. Prototype and development work may be undertaken immediately with full production support. Magfine® powders are available in the Bremag series, offering remanence values up to 0.95 T (9.5 kG) and energy products up to 151 kJ/m3 (19 MGOe)in compression-molded form and 119 kJ/m3 (15 MGOe) in injection-molded form. The high degree of radial alignment is ideal for rotor magnets used in brushless motors. The production process will allow wall thicknesses as low as 0.75 mm, increasing the dynamic performance of the motor. Please click here for typical properties of high energy compression molded NdFeB magnets © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[29]=new Array("highenergy2.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks High Energy Compression Molded NdFeB Magnets Magfine® anisotropic powder is produced by Aichi Steel Corp., a Toyota Group Company. This powder is used to make compression and injection molded magnets to net shape and ready to use. Magnet Applicatons will soon begin production in Europe and the United States under a manufacturing agreement with Aichi. Prototype and development work may be undertaken immediately with full production support. Magfine® powders are available in the Bremag series, offering remanence values up to 0.95 T (9.5 kG) and energy products up to 151 kJ/m3 (19 MGOe)in compression-molded form and 119 kJ/m3 (15 MGOe) in injection-molded form. The high degree of radial alignment is ideal for rotor magnets used in brushless motors. The production process will allow wall thicknesses as low as 0.75 mm, increasing the dynamic performance of the motor. Other added benefits include: • Higher torque • Lower mass • Reduced system complexity • Overall lower system cost Grade Remanance Br Intrinsic Coercivity Hci Energy Product BHmax Temp. Coefiicient of Br Temp. Coefficient of Hci mT kGauss kA/m kOe kJ/m3 MGOe °C °C Compression Bonding Grades B19E 950 9.5 1114 14.0 151 19 -0.11 -0.45 Injection Molding Grades BA15 830 8.3 1034 13.0 119 15 -0.13 -0.50 BA15N 810 8.1 1160 14.5 119 15 -0.13 -0.50 BA13H 750 7.5 1512 19.0 104 13 -0.13 -0.45 Data, including temperature curves and hysteresis plots, available upon request. We would be pleased to provide samples and application assistance to suport current or new product development. © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[30]=new Array("highenergyproperties.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks High Energy Compression Molded NdFeB Magnets Properties Grade Remanance Br Intrinsic Coercivity Hci Energy Product BHmax Temp. Coefiicient of Br Temp. Coefficient of Hci mT kGauss kA/m kOe kJ/m3 MGOe °C °C Compression Bonding Grades B19E 950 9.5 1114 14.0 151 19 -0.11 -0.45 Injection Molding Grades BA15 830 8.3 1034 13.0 119 15 -0.13 -0.50 BA15N 810 8.1 1160 14.5 119 15 -0.13 -0.50 BA13H 750 7.5 1512 19.0 104 13 -0.13 -0.45 Data, including temperature curves and hysteresis plots, available upon request. We would be pleased to provide samples and application assistance to suport current or new product development. Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[31]=new Array("home.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks WELCOME About Us With a history dating back more than a half a century, it \'s not surprising that Magnet Applications \' operations span the globe. With manufacturing facilities in North America and Europe, as well as additional sales and distribution points around the world, we can offer an unsurpassed corporate strength and commitment to providing total magnetic solutions to all our customers. Quality: ISO 9001/2000 We measure and certify the quality of our processes and products as stringently as you do. All of our plants are ISO 9001/2000 certified, ensuring you that we are as deeply concerned with satisfying your customer as you are. Capabilities Magnetic needs vary widely from application to application. As a provider of total magnetic solutions, we offer the capability of meeting any requirement. Whether you are using our Just-In-Time shipping capabilities from our multimillion-piece inventory of stock magnets, or working with our engineers to develop an entirely new permanent magnet motor for your product, we are the simple solution. • Design and Engineering • Finite Element Analysis Prototyping • Short and Long-Run Fabrication • Injection and Compression Molding • Magnetic Assemblies • Motion Control Solutions • Just-In-Time Inventory Shipping • Kan Ban Systems if Required Experience Part of our Total Magnetic Solutions philosophy is helping our customers to develop their new applications to the fullest extent of their potential. And while every new application brings with it new problems to solve, our engineers offer some of the industry \'s most extensive experience in magnetics. By making us a part of your design and manufacturing team, we can help your design meet its full potential, while also increasing the cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing process. We have a successful track record in nearly every magnet application. Click the picture for a message from Mike Miller,President of Magnet Applications, Inc. © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[32]=new Array("index.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks WELCOME About Us With a history dating back more than a half a century, it \'s not surprising that Magnet Applications \' operations span the globe. With manufacturing facilities in North America and Europe, as well as additional sales and distribution points around the world, we can offer an unsurpassed corporate strength and commitment to providing total magnetic solutions to all our customers. Quality: ISO9001/2000 We measure and certify the quality of our processes and products as stringently as you do. All of our plants are ISO 9001/2000 certified, ensuring you that we are as deeply concerned with satisfying your customer as you are. Capabilities Magnetic needs vary widely from application to application. As a provider of total magnetic solutions, we offer the capability of meeting any requirement. Whether you are using our Just-In-Time shipping capabilities from our multimillion-piece inventory of stock magnets, or working with our engineers to develop an entirely new permanent magnet motor for your product, we are the simple solution. • Design and Engineering • Finite Element Analysis Prototyping • Short and Long-Run Fabrication • Injection and Compression Molding • Magnetic Assemblies • Motion Control Solutions • Just-In-Time Inventory Shipping • Kan Ban Systems if Required Experience Part of our Total Magnetic Solutions philosophy is helping our customers to develop their new applications to the fullest extent of their potential. And while every new application brings with it new problems to solve, our engineers offer some of the industry \'s most extensive experience in magnetics. By making us a part of your design and manufacturing team, we can help your design meet its full potential, while also increasing the cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing process. We have a successful track record in nearly every magnet application. Click the picture for a message from Mike Miller,President of Magnet Applications, Inc. © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[33]=new Array("index2.htm","Magnet Manufacturers, UK – Magnet Applications","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks WELCOME Magnet Applications is a UK manufacturer of Permanent Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies and has been supplying industry for over 40 years. With manufacturing sites in the UK and the USA. Our expertise covers the complete range of permanent magnet materials, including; alnico, ferrite, Samarium Cobalt, Neodymium Iron Boron, and production routes, including; sintering, extrusion, calendaring, injection moulding. Magnet Applications also undertakes a wide range of design contracts and with the ability to build magnetising fixtures and manufacture magnets and components in house we can offer rapid prototype services. Above all we are a supplier of Total Magnetic Solutions. Please see our group website www.magnetapplications.com for full company and technical information Click here to access our secure, online catalogue of products and materials . Design has become a critical feature of the Group \'s growth. We undertake design contracts across a wide range of industries including automotive and defence. Magnets are produced at both our sites with parts ranging from several hundred per month to in excess of 2 million pieces per month. Magnetisation is carried out with fixtures designed and built in-house. This enables us to offer a complete product with total ownership of the magnet. Both Sub Assemblies and Technical Assemblies are manufactured in house. This work runs from one-offs to many thousands a month. Prototype Build is undertaken as \'proof of concept \' or \'design validation \'. With our customers we explore further production refinements as part of a finished product. Supply Chain Management is all about getting you what you want when you want. We have a team dedicated to this core activity. For our contact details, ways to contact us and information on how to find us click here. Your Basket Contains Items : 0 / Total : £0.00 Online Store - Quick Links Ferrite Alnico Bonded Neodymium Sintered Neodymium Coat and Picture Hooks Door Stops Samarium Cobalt Office Products Holding Magnets Rubber and Paper Catches Special Offers SEARCH SITE","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[34]=new Array("indextemp.htm","Magnet Manufacturers, UK – Magnet Applications","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks EditRegion1 About Us With a history dating back more than a half a century, it \'s not surprising that Magnet Applications \' operations span the globe. With manufacturing facilities in North Amerca and Europe, as well as additional sales and distribution points around the world, we can offer an unsurpassed corporate strength and commitment to providing total magnetic solutions to all our customers. Quality EditRegion4 We measure and certify the quality of our processes and products as stringently as you do. All of our plants are ISO certified, ensuring you that we are as deeply concerned with satisfying your customer as you are. Capabilities Magnetic needs vary widely from application to application. As a provider of total magnetic solutions, we offer the capability of meeting any requirement. Whether you are using our Just-In-Time shipping capabilities from our multimillion-piece inventory of stock magnets, or working with our engineers to develop an entirely new permanent magnet motor for your product, we are the simple solution. • Design and Engineering • Finite Element Analysis Prototyping • Short and Long-Run Fabrication • Injection and Compression Molding • Magnetic Assemblies • Motion Control Solutions • Just-In-Time Inventory Shipping • Kan Ban Systems if Required Experience Part of our Total Magnetic Solutions philosophy is helping our customers to develop their new applications to the fullest extent of their potential. And while every new application brings with it new problems to solve, our engineers offer some of the industry \'s most extensive experience in magnetics. By making us a part of your design and manufacturing team, we can help your design meet its full potential, while also increasing the cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing process. We have a successful track record in nearly every magnet application. Click the picture for a message from Mike Miller, President of Magnet Applications, Inc. EditRegion11 EditRegion12","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[35]=new Array("injection.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Injection Molded (Bonded) Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) Magnets BREMAG (molded neodymium iron boron, or NdFeB) rare earth magnets open up a new realm of design possibilities to engineers. Their high magnetic values and reduced size make them ideal for miniaturization where weight and space are at a premium. Our unique abilities in the production of injection molded Bremag increase the scope of its application. No other magnetic material combines these performance and fabrication capabilities. Plus, Bremag simplifies production engineering because of its resistance to chipping and cracking, its complex magnetization (click here for magnetization patterns ) possibilities and its machinability. Additionally, we have had success with hybrids of Neodymium Iron Boron and Ferrite, offering our customers an even broader range of choices. We offer complete engineering assistance, prototyping services, fabrication and inventory management. Call our sales staff today to discuss your application. These magnets are produced by fairly conventional injection molding techniques, using a high loaded compound of either ferrite or NdFeB powder in a nylon or plastic matrix. The applications grew dramatically in the 1980s around the consumer product markets. We have been in manufacture of the ferrite grades since the late 1970s and have developed an unrivaled expertise in the application engineering of these unique materials. Subassemblies Common to both the ferrite and rare earth grades is the unique ability to mold around a shaft or into a housing, at the same time replacing gears or other detail that would otherwise require a multiple part assembly. This opens up all sorts of cost saving opportunities for a reliable and proven technology, especially as the parts are ready to use off tool due to their high precision tolerances. Designed for the Application The great majority of parts are designed with the user and our sophisticated modeling techniques ensure the optimization of the total system. Usually dedicated tooling is subsequently produced, however, we keep a number of blanks which can be used for machining prototypes. njection bonded neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) offers: • Excellent mechanical strength and surface finish • Injection molded magnets may be overmolded onto metal and plastic components • Greater cracking and chipping resistance than other rare earth magnets • May be molded into a variety of shapes and sizes • Magnetic values up to 6 MGOe • Simple to complex multipole magnetization patterns possible • Co-injected assemblies Please click here for typical properties of injection molded NdFeB magnets. © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[36]=new Array("injectionferrite.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Injection Molded Ferrite Magnets Magnet Applications \' injection-molded ferrite offers design engineers near limitless shape and magnetization possibilities. Its high tensile strength allows injection-molded components to withstand high rotational forces, and it offers both excellent chemical and impact resistance. Isotropic grades can be magnetized in any direction: axial, radial or multi-polar. Anisotropic grades are magnetically oriented in a preferred direction during the molding process, and offer higher energy products. Additionally, we have had success with new hybrids of neodymium iron boron and ferrite, offering our customers an even broader range of choices. We offer complete engineering assistance, prototyping services, fabrication and inventory stocking. Call our sales staff today to discuss your application. Injection Molded Ferrite offers: • Ideal for large production runs • May be molded into complex shapes • May be molded onto shafts or be attached to other components • Tolerances as tight as 0.01 mm • Impact and chemical resistant • Energy products to 16 kJ/m3 (2 MGOe) • Isotropic and anisotropic Grades • Neodymium hybrids can increase performance • Co-injected assemblies Please click here for typical properties of injection molded ferrite magnets. © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[37]=new Array("injectionferriteproperties.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Injection Molded (Bonded) Ferrite Magnets Typical Properties Feplast injection molded Ferrite in CGS Units Br HcB jHc BHMax Recoil Permeability Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * Gauss Oersteds Oersteds MGOe Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C FE16/21 2800 2250 2170 1.8 1.05 3.6 450 150 0.200 0.30+ FE12/22 2600 2200 2800 1.5 1.05 3.4 450 150 0.200 0.30+ FE3/17 1300 1100 2200 0.36 1.15 3.4 450 140 0.200 0.30+ * For temperature coefficients the figures are negative unless otherwise stated. The properties quoted are in the main nominals and mostly shape/geometry dependent. If certain characteristics are critical to the application , our advice is to obtain specific data either from the user \'s own tests or by request to the company. These are representative grades and others are available upon request. Where practical we will produce grades for specific application. Feplast injection molded Ferrite in SI Units Br HcB jHc BHmax Recoil Permeability Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * mT kA/m kA/m kJ/m3 Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C FE16/21 280 178 172 14 1.05 3.6 450 150 0.200 0.30+ FE12/22 260 174 222 12 1.05 3.4 450 150 0.200 0.30+ FE3/17 130 87 174 3 1.15 3.4 450 140 0.200 0.30+ Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[38]=new Array("injectionproperties.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Injection Molded (Bonded) NdFeB Magnets Typical Properties Injection molded NdFeB in CGS Units Br HcB jHc BHMax Recoil Permeability Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * Gauss Oersteds Oersteds MGOe Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C N45/60 5500 4700 9000 6 1.15 5.5 360 110 0.100 0.40 N38/60 5000 4000 9000 5 1.15 5 360 110 0.100 0.40 N30/60 4500 3900 9000 4 1.15 4.5 360 110 0.100 0.40 * For temperature coefficients the figures are negative unless otherwise stated. The properties quoted are in the main nominals and mostly shape/geometry dependent. If certain characteristics are critical to the application , our advice is to obtain specific data either from the user \'s own tests or by request to the company. These are representative grades and others are available upon request. Where practical we will produce grades for specific application. Neoplast injection molded NdFeB in SI Units Br HcB jHc BHmax Recoil Permeability Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * mT kA/m kA/m kJ/m3 Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C N45/60 550 373 714 47 1.15 5.5 360 110 0.100 0.40 N38/60 500 317 714 40 1.15 5 360 110 0.100 0.40 N30/60 450 309 714 32 1.15 4.5 360 110 0.100 0.40 Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[39]=new Array("library.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Library Welcome to the Magnet Applications Library. Here you \'ll find an assortment of reading material, from our lates press release to our comprehensive Magnet Design Guide. Here \'s where you can also stock up on individual magnet material data sheets or browse our latest catch catalog. The Total Magnetic Solutions Brochure The Magnet Design Guide Bremag: Bonded NdFeB Sintered NdFeB Magnets Magnetic Catches Design Guide (in html) Design Program (an Excel application) © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[40]=new Array("little_red_triangle.gif","NO TITLE","null","null","null","");arrFiles[41]=new Array("Magnet Applications - Design, Prototyping & Manufacturing Capabilities.htm","Magnet Applications - Design, Prototyping & Manufacturing Capabilities","Introduction Modern magnetic materials Units of measure Design considerations Permanent magnetic stability Physical characteristics and machining of permanent magnets Manufacturing methods Coatings Assembly considerations Magnetization Measurement and testing Handling and storage Quick reference specification checklist Click the Design Program button on the left to download an interactive spreadsheet that will help you design your own magnets. 1.0 Introduction Magnets are an important part of our daily lives, serving as essential components in everything from electric motors, loudspeakers, computers, compact disc players, microwave ovens and the family car, to instrumentation, production equipment, and research. Their contribution is often overlooked because they are built into devices and are usually out of sight. Magnets function as transducers, transforming energy from one form to another, without any permanent loss of their own energy. General categories of permanent magnet functions are: Mechanical to mechanical - such as attraction and repulsion. Mechanical to electrical - such as generators and microphones. Electrical to mechanical - such as motors, loudspeakers, charged particle deflection. Mechanical to heat - such as eddy current and hysteresis torque devices. Special effects - such as magneto resistance, Hall effect devices, and magnetic resonance. The following sections will provide a brief insight into the design and application of permanent magnets. The Design Engineering team at Magnet Applications Group will be happy to assist you further in your applications. 2.0 Modern Magnet Materials There are four classes of modern commercialized magnets, each based on their material composition. Within each class is a family of grades with their own magnetic properties. These general classes are: Neodymium Iron Boron Samarium Cobalt Ferrite Alnico NdFeB and SmCo are collectively known as Rare Earth magnets because they are both composed of materials from the Rare Earth group of elements. Neodymium Iron Boron (general composition Nd 2 Fe 14 B, often abbreviated to NdFeB) is the most recent commercial addition to the family of modern magnet materials. At room temperatures, NdFeB magnets exhibit the highest properties of all magnet materials. Samarium Cobalt is manufactured in two compositions: Sm 1 Co 5 and Sm 2 Co 17 - often referred to as the SmCo 1:5 or SmCo 2:17 types. 2:17 types, with higher H ci values, offer greater inherent stability than the 1:5 types. Ferrite magnets (general composition BaFe 2 O 3 or SrFe 2 O 3 ) have been commercialized since the 1950s and continue to be extensively used today due to their low cost. A special form of Ferrite magnet is \"Flexible \" material, made by bonding Ferrite powder in a flexible binder. Alnico magnets (general composition Al-Ni-Co) were commercialized in the 1930s and are still extensively used today. These materials span a range of properties that accommodate a wide variety of application requirements. The following is intended to give a broad but practical overview of factors that must be considered in selecting the proper material, grade, shape, and size of magnet for a specific application. The chart below shows typical values of the key characteristics for selected grades of various materials for comparison. These values will be discussed in detail in the following sections. Table 2.1 Magnet Material Comparisons Material Grade Br Hc Hci BHmax T max (Deg C)* NdFeB 39H 12,800 12,300 21,000 40 150 SmCo 26 10,500 9,200 10,000 26 300 NdFeB B10N 6,800 5,780 10,300 10 150 Alnico 5 12,500 640 640 5.5 540 Ferrite 8 3,900 3,200 3,250 3.5 300 Flexible 1 1,600 1,370 1,380 0.6 100 * T max (maximum practical operating temperature) is for reference only. The maximum practical operating temperature of any magnet is dependent on the circuit the magnet is operating in. 3.0 Units of Measure Three systems of units of measure are common: the cgs (centimeter, gram, second), SI (meter, kilogram, second), and English (inch, pound, second) systems. This catalog uses the cgs system for magnetic units, unless otherwise specified. Table 3.1 Units of Measure Systems Unit Symbol cgs System SI System English System Flux ø maxwell weber Maxwell Flux Density B gauss tesla lines/in 2 Magnetomotive Force F gilbert ampere turn ampere turn Magnetizing Force H oersted ampere turns/m ampere turns/in Length L cm m in Permeability of a vacuum µ v 1 0.4 x 10 -6 3.192 Table 3.2 Conversion Factors Multiply By To obtain inches 2.54 centimeters lines/in 2 0.155 Gauss lines/in 2 1.55 x 10 -5 Tesla Gauss 6.45 lines/in 2 Gauss 0 -4 Tesla Gilberts 0.79577 ampere turns Oersteds 9.577 ampere turns/m ampere turns 0.4 Gilberts ampere turns/in 0.495 Oersteds ampere turns/in 39.37 ampere turns/m 4.0 Design Considerations Basic problems of permanent magnet design revolve around estimating the distribution of magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit, which may include permanent magnets, air gaps, high permeability conduction elements, and electrical currents. Exact solutions of magnetic fields require complex analysis of many factors, although approximate solutions are possible based on certain simplifying assumptions. Obtaining an optimum magnet design often involves experience and tradeoffs. 4.1 Finite Element Analysis Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling programs are used to analyze magnetic problems in order to arrive at more exact solutions, which can then be tested and fine tuned against a prototype of the magnet structure. Using FEA models flux densities, torques, and forces may be calculated. Results can be output in various forms, including plots of vector magnetic potentials, flux density maps, and flux path plots. The Design Engineering team at Magnet Applications has extensive experience in many types of magnetic designs and is able to assist in the design and execution of FEA models. 4.2 The B-H Curve The basis of magnet design is the B-H curve, or hysteresis loop, which characterizes each magnet material. This curve describes the cycling of a magnet in a closed circuit as it is brought to saturation, demagnetized, saturated in the opposite direction, and then demagnetized again under the influence of an external magnetic field. The second quadrant of the B-H curve, commonly referred to as the \"Demagnetization Curve \", describes the conditions under which permanent magnets are used in practice. A permanent magnet will have a unique, static operating point if air-gap dimensions are fixed and if any adjacent fields are held constant. Otherwise, the operating point will move about the demagnetization curve, the manner of which must be accounted for in the design of the device. The three most important characteristics of the B-H curve are the points at which it intersects the B and H axes (at B r - the residual induction - and HC - the coercive force - respectively), and the point at which the product of B and H are at a maximum (BH max - the maximum energy product). B r represents the maximum flux the magnet is able to produce under closed circuit conditions. In actual useful operation permanent magnets can only approach this point. HC represents the point at which the magnet becomes demagnetized under the influence of an externally applied magnetic field. BH max represents the point at which the product of B and H, and the energy density of the magnetic field into the air gap surrounding the magnet, is at a maximum. The higher this product, the smaller need be the volume of the magnet. Designs should also account for the variation of the B-H curve with temperature. When plotting a B-H curve, the value of B is obtained by measuring the total flux in the magnet (ø)and then dividing this by the magnet pole area (A) to obtain the flux density (B=ø/A). The total flux is composed of the flux produced in the magnet by the magnetizing field (H), and the intrinsic ability of the magnet material to produce more flux due to the orientation of the domains. The flux density of the magnet is therefore composed of two components, one equal to the applied H, and the other created by the intrinsic ability of ferromagnetic materials to produce flux. The intrinsic flux density is given the symbol B i where total flux B = H + BI , or, BI = B - H. In normal operating conditions, no external magnetizing field is present, and the magnet operates in the second quadrant, where H has a negative value. Although strictly negative, H is usually referred to as a positive number, and therefore, in normal practice, BI = B + H. It is possible to plot an intrinsic as well as a normal B-H curve. The point at which the intrinsic curve crosses the H axis is the intrinsic coercive force, and is given the symbol H ci . High H ci values are an indicator of inherent stability of the magnet material. The normal curve can be derived from the intrinsic curve and vice versa. In practice, if a magnet is operated in a static manner with no external fields present, the normal curve is sufficient for design purposes. When external fields are present, the normal and intrinsic curves are used to determine the changes in the intrinsic properties of the material. 4.3 Magnet Calculations In the absence of any coil excitation, the magnet length and pole area may be determined by the following equations: Equation 1 and Equation 2 where B m = the flux density at the operating point, H m = the magnetizing force at the operating point, A g , = the air-gap area, L g = the air-gap length, B g = the gap flux density, A m = the magnet pole area, and L m = the magnet length. Combining the two equations, the permeance coefficient P c may be determined as follows: Equation 3 Strictly, where µ is the permeability of the medium, and k is a factor which takes account of leakage and reluctance that are functions of the geometry and composition of the magnetic circuit. (The intrinsic permeance coefficient P ci = B i /H. Since the normal permeance coefficient PC = B/H, and B = H + B i , PC = (H + B i )/H or PC = 1 + B i /H. Even though the value of H in the second quadrant is actually negative, H is conventionally referred to as a positive number. Taking account of this convention, PC = 1 - B i /H, or B i /H = P ci = PC + 1. In other words, the intrinsic permeance coefficient is equal to the normal permeance coefficient plus 1. This is a useful relationship when working on magnet systems that involve the presence of external fields.) The permeance coefficient is a useful first order relationship, helpful in pointing towards the appropriate magnet material, and to the approximate dimensions of the magnet. The objective of good magnet design is usually to minimize the required volume of magnet material by operating the magnet at BH max . We can compare the various magnet materials for general characteristics using equation 3 above. Consider that a particular field is required in a given air-gap, so that the parameters B g , H g (air-gap magnetizing force), A g , and L g are known. Alnico 5 has the ability to provide very high levels of flux density BM , which is often desirable in high performance electromechanical devices. This is accompanied, however, by a low coercivity H m , and so some considerable magnet length will be required. Alnico 8 operates at a higher magnetizing force, H m , needing a smaller length L m , but will yield a lower BM , and would therefore require a larger magnet area A m . Rare Earth materials offer reasonable to high values of flux density at very high values of magnetizing force. Consequently, very short magnet lengths are needed, and the required volume of this material will be small. Ferrite operates at relatively low flux densities, and will therefore need a correspondingly greater pole face area, A m . The permeance coefficient method using the demagnetization curves allows for initial selection of magnet material, based upon the space available in the device, this determining allowable magnet dimensions. 4.3.1 Calculation Of Flux Density On A Magnet \'s Central Line For magnet materials with straight-line normal demagnetization curves such as Rare Earths and Ferrites, it is possible to calculate with reasonable accuracy the flux density at a distance X from the pole surface (where X>0) on the magnetic centerline under a variety of conditions. a. Cylindrical Magnets Equation 4 Table 4.1 shows flux density calculations for a magnet 0.500 \" in diameter by 0.250 \" long at a distance of 0.050 \" from the pole surface, for various materials. Note that you may use any unit of measure for dimensions; since the equation is a ratio of dimensions, the result is the same using any unit system. The resultant flux density is in units of gauss. Table 4.1 Flux Density vs. Material Material and Grade Residual Flux Density, Br Flux at distance of 0.050 \" from surface of magnet Ferrite 1 2,200 629 Ferrite 5 3,950 1,130 SmCo 18 8,600 2,460 SmCo 26 10,500 3,004 NdFeB 35 12,300 3,518 NdFeB 42H 13,300 3,804 b. Rectangular Magnets Equation 5 (where all angles are in radians) c. For a Magnet on a Steel Back plate Equation 6 Substitute 2L for L in the above formulae. d. For Identical Magnets Facing Each Other in Attracting Positions Equation 7 The value of B x at the gap center is double the value of B x in case 3. At a point P, B p is the sum of B (x-p) and B (XP) , where (X+P) and (XP) substitute for X in case 3. e. For Identical, Yoked Magnets Facing Each Other in Attracting Positions Equation 8 Substitute 2L for L in case 4, and adopt the same procedure to calculate BP 4.3.2 Force Calculations The attractive force exerted by a magnet to a ferromagnetic material may be calculated by: Equation 9 where F is the force in pounds, B is the flux density in Kilogauss, and A is the pole area in square inches. Calculating B is a complicated task if it is to be done in a rigorous manner. However, it is possible to approximate the holding force of certain magnets in contact with a piece of steel using the relationship: Equation 10 where B r is the residual flux density of the material, A is the pole area in square inches, and L m is the magnetic length. This formula is only intended to give an order of magnitude for the holding force that is available from a magnet with one pole in direct contact with a flat, machined, steel surface. The formula can only be used with straight-line demagnetization curve materials - i.e. for rare earth and Ferrite materials - and where the magnet length, L m , is kept within the bounds of normal, standard magnet configurations. Provided courtesy of Magnet Sales & Manufacturing Co. © Copyright Magnet Applications Inc. 2001","Magnet, Magnets, Magnet Applications, Magnetic Assemblies, Neodymium Iron Boron, Neodymium, NdFeB, rare earth magnets, permanent magnets, bonded magnets, MagnetUS, MagnetUK, magnetic components, injection molded magnets, compression molded magnets, injection bonded magnets, compression bonded magnets, sintered magnets, magnetic catches, magnetic latches","Magnet Applications is one of the world s leading manufacturers of injection and 
 States, Europe and Asia. Magnet Applications can design, prototype and manufacture 
 nearly any type of magnet or magnet assembly.","");arrFiles[42]=new Array("Magnet Manufacturers, UK - Magnet Applications.htm","Magnet Manufacturers, UK – Magnet Applications","HOME ABOUT US CONTACT US QUALITY BUY ONLINE NEWS DESIGN MAGNETS & PRODUCTS MAGNETISATION ASSEMBLIES DOWNLOADS WELCOME Magnet Applications is a UK manufacturer of Permanent Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies and has been supplying industry for over 40 years. With manufacturing sites in the UK and the USA. Our expertise covers the complete range of permanent magnet materials, including; alnico, ferrite, Samarium Cobalt, Neodymium Iron Boron, and production routes, including; sintering, extrusion, calendaring, injection moulding. Magnet Applications also undertakes a wide range of design contracts and with the ability to build magnetising fixtures and manufacture magnets and components in house we can offer rapid prototype services. Above all we are a supplier of Total Magnetic Solutions. Please see our group website www.magnetapplications.com for full company and technical information Click here to access our secure, online catalogue of products and materials . Design has become a critical feature of the Group \'s growth. We undertake design contracts across a wide range of industries including automotive and defence. Magnets are produced at both our sites with parts ranging from several hundred per month to in excess of 2 million pieces per month. Magnetisation is carried out with fixtures designed and built in-house. This enables us to offer a complete product with total ownership of the magnet. Both Sub Assemblies and Technical Assemblies are manufactured in house. This work runs from one-offs to many thousands a month. Prototype Build is undertaken as \'proof of concept \' or \'design validation \'. With our customers we explore further production refinements as part of a finished product. Supply Chain Management is all about getting you what you want when you want. We have a team dedicated to this core activity. For our contact details, ways to contact us and information on how to find us click here. Your Basket Contains Items : 0 / Total : £0.00 Online Store - Quick Links Ferrite Alnico Bonded Neodymium Sintered Neodymium Coat and Picture Hooks Door Stops Samarium Cobalt Office Products Holding Magnets Rubber and Paper Catches Special Offers SEARCH SITE","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[43]=new Array("Magnet Manufacturers, UK _ Magnet Applications.htm","Magnet Manufacturers, UK – Magnet Applications","HOME ABOUT US CONTACT US QUALITY BUY ONLINE NEWS DESIGN MAGNETS & PRODUCTS MAGNETISATION ASSEMBLIES DOWNLOADS WELCOME Magnet Applications is a UK manufacturer of Permanent Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies and has been supplying industry for over 40 years. With manufacturing sites in the UK and the USA. Our expertise covers the complete range of permanent magnet materials, including; alnico, ferrite, Samarium Cobalt, Neodymium Iron Boron, and production routes, including; sintering, extrusion, calendaring, injection moulding. Magnet Applications also undertakes a wide range of design contracts and with the ability to build magnetising fixtures and manufacture magnets and components in house we can offer rapid prototype services. Above all we are a supplier of Total Magnetic Solutions. Please see our group website www.magnetapplications.com for full company and technical information Click here to access our secure, online catalogue of products and materials . Design has become a critical feature of the Group \'s growth. We undertake design contracts across a wide range of industries including automotive and defence. Magnets are produced at both our sites with parts ranging from several hundred per month to in excess of 2 million pieces per month. Magnetisation is carried out with fixtures designed and built in-house. This enables us to offer a complete product with total ownership of the magnet. Both Sub Assemblies and Technical Assemblies are manufactured in house. This work runs from one-offs to many thousands a month. Prototype Build is undertaken as \'proof of concept \' or \'design validation \'. With our customers we explore further production refinements as part of a finished product. Supply Chain Management is all about getting you what you want when you want. We have a team dedicated to this core activity. For our contact details, ways to contact us and information on how to find us click here. Your Basket Contains Items : 0 / Total : £0.00 Online Store - Quick Links Ferrite Alnico Bonded Neodymium Sintered Neodymium Coat and Picture Hooks Door Stops Samarium Cobalt Office Products Holding Magnets Rubber and Paper Catches Special Offers SEARCH SITE","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[44]=new Array("magnetstore.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies - Magnet Store","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[45]=new Array("mikesletter.htm","A Letter from Mike Miller, President, Magnet Applications","Welcome and thank you for visiting our Total Magnetic Solutions™ web site. I hope you will find it useful in understanding our capabilities and in identifying your specific magnet requirements. Together with our plants in DuBois, Pennsylvania and Berkhamsted, United Kingdom, we have worked to become a \"one stop \" quality magnet and magnet assembly supplier. The Magnet Applications Group offers you a domestic, convenient, and single source for design, engineering, prototyping, manufacturing, assembling, magnetizing, and fulfillment of any magnetic need. Additionally, Magnet Applications offers you: • World leadership in bonded neodymium iron boron magnets • Leading edge materials with exceptionally high magnetic properties • Design assistance for magnet assemblies and electromagnetic components, including FEA modeling • Large stock of magnets in most materials, grades, shapes and sizes • Machining of all magnet materials with short lead times • Prototype to production quantities • High energy and multipole radial magnetizers • CNC facilities for the manufacturing of metal components for magnet assemblies • Injection molding of both magnets and plastics • Assembly and finishing of metal and magnetic components • Inspection, testing and documentation Within our group, our Quality Systems have been audited to be in conformance with ISO 9001/2000 standards here in the U.S. We are a qualified \"dock-to-stock \" supplier for a number of companies. We hope you \'ll take the time to explore our site. We have assembled a great deal of information for you to consider about magnets as well as our company and its capabilities. We look forward to an opportunity to be your partner. Sincerely, Mike Miller President, Magnet Applications Inc. \"Our Commitment to our customers is to provide creative, reliable and cost effective solutions in a timely manner. \" Close Window","null","null","");arrFiles[46]=new Array("news.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Under Construction © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[47]=new Array("overview.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks title © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[48]=new Array("patterns.htm","Magnetization Patterns","null","null","null","");arrFiles[49]=new Array("radialneo.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Radially-Aligned Sintered Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) Outstanding magnetic properties Wide range of grades with new ones regularly being developed In some applications it is the lowest cost magnetic material per unit of energy Minimal tooling costs Available in very small sizes through to large rings Samples & prototype quantities are available with short lead times Please click here for typical properties of radially aligned sintered NdFeB magnets © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[50]=new Array("radialneoproperties.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Radially-Aligned Sintered Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) Properties **in CGS Units Sintered NdFeB Br HcB jHc BHmax Recoil Permeability Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * Gauss Oersteds Oersteds MGOe Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C 30EH 28000 12100 30000 32 1.05 7.6 80 0.090 0.45 33EH 31000 11500 30000 35 1.05 7.6 120 0.090 0.45 * For temperature coefficients the figures are negative unless otherwise stated. The properties quoted are in the main nominals and mostly shape/geometry dependent. If certain characteristics are critical to the application, our advice is to obtain specific data either from the user \'s own tests or by request to the company. These are representative grades and others are available upon request. Where practical we will produce grades for specific application Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[51]=new Array("samaraniumproperties.html","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Sintered Samarium Cobalt Properties Sintered Samarium Cobal t 32H 11600 9500 14000 31 1.02 8.4 800 350 0.04 n/a 28 10700 10300 18000 28 1.05 8.4 800 350 0.04 n/a 27H 11000 10300 26000 28 1.10 8.4 800 350 0.04 n/a 26HS 10600 9800 18000 27 1.02 8.4 800 380 0.04 n/a 26 10500 9200 10000 26 1.08 8.4 800 350 0.04 n/a 18 8600 7200 9000 18 1.00 8.3 700 250 0.04 n/a * For temperature coefficients the figures are negative unless otherwise stated. The properties quoted are in the main nominals and mostly shape/geometry dependent. If certain characteristics are critical to the application, our advice is to obtain specific data either from the users own tests or by request to the company. These are representative grades and others are available upon request. Where practical we will produce grades for specific application Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[52]=new Array("samarium.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Sintered Samarium Cobalt High Magnetic values and resistance to demagnetization Superior temperature performance to eg; NdFeB Superior chemical and corrosion resistance SmCo magnets are available in a number of grades that span a wide range of properties and application requirements. SmCo magnets are anisotropic and can only be magnetized in the orientation direction. In general, magnetizing fields of about 35 to 45 kOe are required to saturate SmCo materials. SmCo magnets can operate at temperatures up to 350 degrees Centigrade, depending upon the grade and permeance coefficient. Please click here for typical properties of sintered samarium cobalt magnets © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[53]=new Array("samariumproperties.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Sintered Samarium Cobalt Properties Sintered Samarium Cobalt Br HcB jHc BHMax Recoil Permeability Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * Gauss Oersteds Oersteds MGOe Gm/cc °C °C Br%/°C Hc%/°C 32H 11600 9500 14000 31 1.02 8.4 800 350 0.04 n/a 28 10700 10300 18000 28 1.05 8.4 800 350 0.04 n/a 27H 11000 10300 26000 28 1.10 8.4 800 350 0.04 n/a 26HS 10600 9800 18000 27 1.02 8.4 800 380 0.04 n/a 26 10500 9200 10000 26 1.08 8.4 800 350 0.04 n/a 18 8600 7200 9000 18 1.00 8.3 700 250 0.04 n/a * For temperature coefficients the figures are negative unless otherwise stated. The properties quoted are in the main nominals and mostly shape/geometry dependent. If certain characteristics are critical to the application, our advice is to obtain specific data either from the users own tests or by request to the company. These are representative grades and others are available upon request. Where practical we will produce grades for specific application Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[54]=new Array("sb65datacurve.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Bremag SB65 Br HcB jHc BHMax Recoil Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * Gauss Oersteds Oersteds MGOe Permeability Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C SB65 4400 3900 9100 4.3 1.10 5.9 360 150 0.105 0.40 Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[55]=new Array("signin.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Under Construction © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[56]=new Array("sinteredneo.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Sintered Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) Outstanding magnetic properties Wide range of grades with new ones regularly being developed In some applications it is the lowest cost magnetic material per unit of energy Facilitates miniaturization Minimal tooling costs Available in very small sizes through to large blocks Samples & prototype quantities are available with short lead times Please click here for typical properties of Sintered Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) Magnets © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[57]=new Array("sinteredneoproperties.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Sintered Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) Properties Sintered NdFeB Br HcB jHc BHmax Recoil Permeability Density Curie Temp Max Temp Temp Coefficient * Gauss Oersteds Oersteds MGOe Gm/cc . \'C . \'C Br%/ \'C Hc%/ \'C 48 14000 10500 11000 48 1.05 7.5 80 0.120 n/a 45 13500 11000 12000 45 1.05 7.5 80 0.120 n/a 42 13000 11600 12000 42 1.05 7.5 80 0.120 n/a 42H 13000 12000 17000 42 1.05 7.5 120 0.110 n/a 40 12700 11600 12000 40 1.05 7.5 80 0.120 n/a 40H 12600 11600 17000 40 1.05 7.5 120 0.110 n/a 40SH 12600 11800 20000 40 1.05 7.5 150 0.100 n/a 38 12300 11300 12000 38 1.05 7.5 80 0.120 n/a 38H 12300 11300 17000 38 1.05 7.5 120 0.110 n/a 38SH 12300 11400 20000 38 1.05 7.5 150 0.100 n/a 35 11900 10900 12000 35 1.05 7.5 80 0.120 n/a 35H 11900 10900 17000 35 1.05 7.5 120 0.110 n/a 35SH 11900 11000 20000 35 1.05 7.5 150 0.100 n/a 33 11500 10500 12000 33 1.05 7.5 80 0.120 n/a 33H 11500 10500 17000 33 1.05 7.5 120 0.110 n/a 33SH 11500 10600 20000 33 1.05 7.5 150 0.100 n/a 33UH 11500 10700 25000 33 1.05 7.5 180 0.100 n/a 30UH 11100 10200 25000 30 1.05 7.5 180 0.100 n/a 30EH 11100 10200 30000 30 1.05 7.5 200 0.100 n/a 28UH 10500 9600 25000 28 1.05 7.5 180 0.100 n/a 28EH 10600 9800 30000 28 1.05 7.5 200 0.100 n/a * For temperature coefficients the figures are negative unless otherwise stated. The properties quoted are in the main nominals and mostly shape/geometry dependent. If certain characteristics are critical to the application, our advice is to obtain specific data either from the users own tests or by request to the company. These are representative grades and others are available upon request. Where practical we will produce grades for specific application Back © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[58]=new Array("sitemap.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Site Map Home Magnetic Assemblies Products ―> Summary of Products ―>Bonded Rare Earth Magnets ――> Compression-Molded (NdFeB) Magnets ――> Injection-Molded NdFeB Magnets ――> High-Energy Bonded NdFeB ――> Injection-Molded Ferrite ―>Sintered Rare Earth Magnets ――> Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) Magnets ――> NdFeB Magnets ――> Radially-Aligned NdFeB Magnets ―> Alnico Magnets ―> Ferrite  Magnets ―> Magnetic Catches and Holding Magnets ―> Flexible Magnets Applications Design/Engineering Library ―> Total Magnetic Solutions Brochure (936 kb pdf) ―> The Magnet Design Guide (942 kb pdf) ―> Bremag: Bonded NdFeB Brochure (1.6 mb pdf) ―> Sintered Magnets Brochure (1 mb pdf) ―> Magnetic Catch Brochure (1.3 mb pdf) ―> Design Guide (html) ―> Design Program (interactive spreadsheet) Magnet Applications Frequently Asked Questions Buy Online © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[59]=new Array("special.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies ","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Under Construction © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. We offer magnet system design, fixture design and manufacture, through magnet manufacture, assembly and supply chain management or anything in between.","");arrFiles[60]=new Array("summary.htm","Magnet Applications, Manufacturers of Bonded Rare Earth Magnets, Sintered Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies","Home Products Applications Design/Engineering Library MA FAQs Buy Online Quicklinks Summary of Products Magnetic Assemblies Magnet Applications manufactures sub-system level magnetic assemblies for many applications at our facility in DuBois, Pennsylvania. And when required, we can manufacture similarly at our plants in Europe and the Far East. Read more. Compression-Molded Neodymium Iron Boron Magnets Our unique abilities in the production of Compression Molded Bremag increase the scope of its application. No other magnetic material combines these performance and fabrication capabilities. Read more. Injection-Molded Neodymium Iron Boron Magnets These magnets are produced by fairly conventional injection molding techniques, using a high loaded compound of either ferrite or NdFeB powder in a nylon or plastic matrix. Read more. High-Energy Bonded Neodymium Iron Boron Magnets Magfine® powders are available in the Bremag series, offering remanence values up to 0.95 T (9.5 kG) and energy products up to 151 kJ/m3 (19 MGOe)in compression-molded form and 119 kJ/m3 (15 MGOe) in injection-molded form. Read more. Injection-Molded Ferrite Magnets Magnet Applications \' injection-molded ferrite offers design engineers near limitless shape and magnetization possibilities. Read more. Sintered Samarium Cobalt Magnets SmCo magnets are available in a number of grades that span a wide range of properties and application requirements. Read more. Sintered Neodymium Iron Boron Magnets Outstanding magnetic properties and a wide range of grades with new ones regularly being developed. In some applications it is the lowest cost magnetic material per unit of energy. Read more. Sintered Radially Aligned Neodymium Iron Boron Magnets Radially aligned offer outstanding magnetic properties, with a wide range of grades (with new ones regularly being developed), and in some applications, it is the lowest cost magnetic material per unit of energy. Read more. Alnico Magnets These offer high saturation values, excellent thermal stability and good corrosion resistance. Read more. Ferrite Magnets Ferrites first became commercially available in the 1950 \'s and are the most commonly used permanent magnets today, mainly because of their cost effectiveness. Read more. Magnetic Catches We offer a range of some 100 models with different holding and fixing characteristics. Read more. Flexible Magnets This is produced by heavily loading ferrite powder of Barium or Strontium base into a synthetic rubber or PVC matrix and either extruding to shape or calendering into thin sheets. Read more. © 2007 Magnet Applications, Inc. • 375 Horsham Road, Suite 200 • Horsham, PA 19044 • USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890 • Fax: 1 (215) 441-7734 • E-mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com • Contact Us","magnet applications, manufacturer uk, bonded magnets, rare earth, permanent magnets, magnet assemblies, magnetic catches, ferrite magnets, injection moulded magnets, samarium cobalt, neodymium, alnico, door stops, picture plates, coat hooks, seperation, design.","Magnet Applications Ltd is a provider of total magnetic solutions. 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With manufacturing facilities in England, France, and the U.S., as well as additional sales and distribution points in the U.S., Italy, Germany and Singapore, we can offer an unsurpassed corporate strength and commitment to providing total magnetic solutions to all our customers.Ford Q1 We measure and certify the quality of our processes and products as stringently as you do. All of our plants are QS9000 and ISO certified, ensuring you that we are as deeply concerned with satisfying your customer as you are.develop an entirely new permanent magnet motor for your product, we are the simple solution.  Design and Engineering  Finite Element Analysis Prototyping  Short and LongRun Production  Injection and Compression Molding  Magnetic Assemblies  Motion Control Solutions  Just-In-Time Inventory ShippingMagnetic needs vary widely from application to application. As a provider of total magnetic solutions, we offer the capability of meeting virtually any requirement. Whether you are using our Just-In-Time shipping capabilities from our multimillion-piece inventory of stock magnets, or working with our engineers toPart of our Total Magnetic Solutions philosophy is helping our customers to develop their new applications to the fullest extent of their potential. And while every new application brings with it new problems to solve, our engineers offer some of the industry \'s most extensive experience in magnetics. By making us a part of your design and manufacturing team, we can help your design meet its full potential, while also increasing the cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing process. We have a successful track record in nearly every magnet application:  Aerospace  Automotive  Communications  Computers and Peripherals  Magnetic Assemblies  Medical Device and Diagnostics  Motion Control  Motors  Research and Development  Sensors2Our interdisciplinary capabilities make Magnet Applications the ideal choice for the design, engineering, prototyping and manufacturing of magnetic assemblies. By combining injection and compression molding with CNC machining and precision metal work, we offer a cost-effective solution to your magnetic assembly needs. Whether you need a single assembly for the development of a high profile research device, a short run of assemblies for capital equipment manufacturing, or a source for high-volume production assemblies to be used in a mass-market computer peripheral, we are your total magnetic solution.  Injection and Compression Molding  CNC Machining  Metalwork  Design, Modeling and Prototyping of Assemblies  Fabrication of Any Quantity, Short or Long Run Magnet Applications is known for its capabilities with sintered and bonded Neodymium Iron Boron and Samarium Cobalt Magnets.  Energies to 48 MGOe  Superior Weight to Energy Ratios  Excellent Machinability on Bonded Magnets  Isotropic and Anisotropic GradesWe offer a comprehensive selection of Aluminum Nickel Cobalt (Alnico) magnets in many grades, in rings, blocks and discs. Alnico is supplied cast or sintered.  High Field Strength  Stability in High Temperatures  Excellent Electrical ConductionWe offer a tremendous selection of magnetic materials, both as stock magnets and as the raw material for custom designs. Put our experience to work by letting us help select the ideal material for your design. Magnet Applications offers design, modeling, prototyping and fabrication of the following magnetic materials: Ferrite magnets are an excellent choice where economy needs to be combined with high energies.  Excellent Resistance to Corrosion  Very Good Electrical Insulators  Operate in Environments to 500°F/250°C3 Excellent mechanical strength and surface finish  Compression Molded magnets can be manufactured to very tight tolerances off tool  Injection Molded magnets may be overmolded onto metal and plastic components  Greater cracking and chipping resistance than other rare earth magnets  Superior energy to weight ratio  May be molded into a variety of shapes and sizes  Magnetic values up to 10 MGOe (6 MGOe for Injection Molded Bremag)  Simple and complex multipole magnetization patterns possible  Reduced tooling costBREMAG (BONDED NEODYMIUM IRON BORON, or NdFeB) rare earth magnets open up a new realm of design possibilities to engineers. Their high magnetic values and reduced size make them ideal for miniaturization where weight and space are at a premium. Our unique abilities in the production of Compression and Injection Molded Bremag increase the scope of its application. No other magnetic material combines these performance and fabrication capabilities. Plus, Bremag simplifies production engineering because of its resistance to chipping and cracking, its complex magnetization possibilities and its machinability. Additionally, we have expertise in blending hybrids of Neodymium Iron Boron and Ferrite, offering our customers an even broader range of choices. We offer complete engineering assistance, prototyping services, fabrication and inventory stocking. Call our sales staff today to discuss your application.All measurements at 23°C (75°F) unless otherwise stated. *Other thermoplastic binders are possible. Contact us for more information. **Bremag 10N (B) is standard material. ***The properties of Bremag S are variable. Please call with your application.Bremag 10N (B) [MQPB Powder]The properties and data presented on this page are typical. For any critical application, the manufacturer should be consulted.45 Ideal for large production runs  May be molded into complex shapes  May be molded onto shafts or be attached to other components  Tolerances as tight as 0.01 mm  Impact and chemical resistant  Energy Products to 2MGOe  Isotropic and Anisotropic Grades  May be blended with NdFeB to increase performanceMagnet Applications \' injection-molded Ferrite offers design engineers near limitless shape and magnetization possibilities. Its high tensile strength permits injection-molded components to be exposed to high rotational forces, and it offers both good chemical and impact resistance. Isotropic grades may be magnetized in any direction: axial, radial and multi-polar. Anisotropic grades are magnetically oriented in a preferred direction during the molding process, and offer higher energy products. Additionally, we have expertise in blending new hybrids of Neodymium Iron Boron and Ferrite, offering our customers an even broader range of choices. We offer complete engineering assistance, prototyping services, fabrication and inventory stocking. Call our sales staff today to discuss your application.6Our plants around the world manufacture prototype to high volume custom magnets and magnet assemblies. Capabilities include compression bonding and injection molding rare earth magnets, magnet machining, and magnet assembly. In addition, we stock a tremendous inventory of Neodymium Iron Boron, Samarium Cobalt, Ferrite, Alnico and Flexible magnetic material. Our engineers and technicians work with national laboratories and universities, as well as for clients in the automotive, defense, aerospace, semiconductor, medical, oil field equipment, and communications industries to design and manufacture critical magnetic components.From high-performance, state-of-the-art rareearth magnets to low-cost Ferrite magnets, only Magnet Applications can meet all of your requirements for performance, engineering, prototyping and inventory. Our engineers and technicians are committed to helping you add value to your designs and products through our expertise in the field of magnetics.Please contact us today at 1-800-437-8890.7Manufacturing facilities in:DuBois, PennsylvaniaBerkhamsted, UK Pau, FranceNingbo, China Sales and Customer Support Centers in: Horsham, PA Daytona Beach, FL375 Horsham Road, Suite 200  Horsham, PA 19044  USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890  Fax: 1(215) 441-7734 Website: www.MagnetApplications.com  E-Mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com","null","brochure2000","");arrFiles[94]=new Array("docs/catches.pdf","brochure2000","With a history dating back more than a half a century, it \'s not surprising that Magnet Applications \' operations span the globe. With manufacturing facilities in England, France, and the U.S., as well as additional sales and distribution points in the U.S., Italy, Germany and Singapore, we can offer an unsurpassed corporate strength and commitment to providing total magnetic solutions to all our customers.develop an entirely new permanent magnet motor for your product, we are the simple solution.  Design and Engineering  Finite Element Analysis Prototyping  Short and LongRun Fabrication  Injection and Compression Molding  Magnetic Assemblies  Motion Control Solutions  Just-In-Time Inventory ShippingWe measure and certify the quality of our processes and products as stringently as you do. All of our plants are ISO certified, ensuring you that we are as deeply concerned with satisfying your customer as you are.Magnetic needs vary widely from application to application. As a provider of total magnetic solutions, we offer the capability of meeting any requirement. Whether you are using our Just-In-Time shipping capabilities from our multimillion-piece inventory of stock magnets, or working with our engineers toPart of our Total Magnetic Solutions philosophy is helping our customers to develop their new applications to the fullest extent of their potential. And while every new application brings with it new problems to solve, our engineers offer some of the industry \'s most extensive experience in magnetics. By making us a part of your design and manufacturing team, we can help your design meet its full potential, while also increasing the cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing process. We have a successful track record in nearly every magnet application:  Aerospace  Automotive  Communications  Computers and Peripherals  Magnetic Assemblies  Medical Device and Diagnostics  Motion Control  Motors  Research and Development  Sensors2Over 100 standard models are available in a variety of designs and colors, with holding powers up to 88 pounds. Catches are manufactured in a assortment of materials, with many mounting and adjustment options. Hightemperature catches for use in applications up to 300° C are available. Custom catches may be designed to your specifications. This catalog offers specifications for our most popular models. If you dont see something here that meets your needs, please call us toll-free at 1-800-437-8890.These are for surface mounting. The attraction force is parallel to the fixing surface. The Cs6 has fixed mounting holes.Model Cs6 A 1.77 B .413 D 1.46Available in white (#20351), and black (#20306). Series F These have a white impact resistant polystyrene body with an acetal resin spring to act as a shock absorber and keep the pole pieces forward.Model Fs 3 (#21103) Fp 3 (#21303) Fp 5 (#21305)Holding Power (kg) A B C E F MFs 10 (#21110)2 2 4 8 .945 .945 1.57 2.52 .374 .472 .590 .433 .315 .374 .472 .590 .433 .315 .394 .472 .846 .433 .315 .394 .472 1.69 .512 .315Color: Standard white; Fs 10 also available in black Klip Series The flexible clip-in lugs form an integral part of the body Model Holding Power (kg) A B CKlip 15 (#21715) Color: Black 15 2.13E F M.492 .630 1.69 .571 .417Fixing: These magnets clip in to an opening approximately 2.05. This dimension has to be precisely adjusted by the user according to the thickness of the substrate and the surface condition of the cut-out (burrs, flanges, etc.). Counterplate: For all of these series, use a steel surface which is at least 1.5mm thick; 2mm for the Klip 15. A series Q counterplate may be used. CF 12-7 (#54237) Recess mounted and adjustable. Holding power: 5 kg Fixing: Adjust the diameter of the hole to the hardness of the panel. Use a mallet to insert the body. Screw in the magnet. Counterplate: W12 or Z12.551.8663Slimline This magnet has two main areas of application:  For quality furniture where its neatness will be appreciatedthickness only 6mm!  For D.I.Y. because it is easy to fitone single screw and an adhesive counterplate. This extra flat model is made from a high performance magnetic rubber. The mobile pole pieces are cushioned by a damper for shock absorption and to take up play. Color: White (#11610), brown (#11611), black (#11612) Holding power: 5 kg Fixing: 2.5mm diameter countersunk screw. It has a lip to prevent it from rotating. Counterplate: Self adhesive Supec A SeriesModel XB 4Holding Power (kg) A4B C1.89 .748 .591D 1.50 E .846.334 .0792.123.709Color: White (#11310), Brown (#11312) Fixing: Two 3mm screws through oblong slots Counterplate: Q6 (#25606) Supec Heavy Duty Magnetic catches for big doors (cupboards).Model Supec 12Holding Power (kg) A12B2.91 .689 .551CD 2.52 E 1.69Color: White (#11241), Brown (#11242) Mounting: Two 3mm screws through oblong slots. Counterplate: Q10 (#25610) Is Series These cylindrical magnetic catches are encased in a plastic sleeve. The front surface is ground. In a ribbed body, they hold tightly in the given position and a flange ensures accurate positioning. Models: 4 main sizes. The Is 1.5 is the non-ground version of the Is 2. It has a lower holding power but improved corrosion resistance.Model Is 1 Black (#17101) Is 1.5 White (#17110), Brown (#17112) Is 2 White (#17120), Black (#17121) Is 4 Holding Power (kg) 1 1.5 2 4A B E HWhite (#17140), Black (#17141), Brown (#17142) Is 6 White (#17160), Black (#17161), Brown (#17162)6.374 .315 .413 .354 .374 .315 .610 .543 .374 .315 .591 .543 .551 .433 .602 .551 .630 .531 .720 .670Fixing: Drill a hole for the diameter which is compatible with the hardness of the panel. Sink the magnetic catch by tapping it gently with a mallet or, using a wooden block, with a hammer. Counterplate: Use a W or Z counterplate of the same or higher number.4Series Z Counterplates The threaded pin fitted into the counterplate can be sunk into wood (with a mallet) or locked onto a metal sheet using a fixing ring. This is the most effective counterplate; it has a ground face, is easy to fit, slightly adjustable and has no visible screw. Available in two sizes.Model Z 4  Copper (#25351); Zinc (#25312)A B C.472 .098 .453Z 12  Copper (#25361); Zinc (#55310) .591 .118 .453 Series W Counterplates The most commonly used counterplatesround counterplates fitted by one single countersunk screw. The screw head must not protrude beyond the front surface. When fitting this counterplate, do not tighten it down fully in order that it can take up some play. Available in three sizes. Model A B D W 4  Copper (#25451); Zinc (#25412) .472 .098 .098W 12  Zinc only (#55410) W 16  Zinc only (#25420) Q Series Counterplates Model Q 6 (#25606) Q 8 (#25608) Q 10 (#25610) These counterplates are zinc plated..591 .118 .126 .787 .157 .126A B C1.89 .472 .079 1.97 .512 .079 2.60 .472 .079D 1.417 1.420 2.130Constructed of a magnet embedded in a steel channel, or a magnet sandwiched between two steel plates, these magnets provide strong pull for their sizes. Most come with mounting holes. Holding power is tested on a flat, machined steel plate, 1/2 thick. If the surface to which the magnet is to be attached is rough, rusty or painted, the holding force may be reduced. For critical applications, build in a safety factor of two or three.Model MO-70SV MO-71SV MO-70S Holding Power (lbs.) 8 8 5MO-70SV MO-71SV MO-70SMO-70S2VMO-70S2V MO-70V MO-70 MO-70-1 MO-70-2 16 7 5 5 5A 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.875 0.875 0.875 0.875 B 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 C 0.312 0.312 0.312 0.546 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 Hole Dia. 0.187 0.080* 0.187 0.187 0.125 0.125 0.187 n/aMO-70V MO-70 MO-70-1 MO-70-2MO-80E (6 lbs. pull)*Dimples on steel plates.5These door stops were designed for use on large, ocean-going vessels but can be used for all panels, gates or doors which must be firmly held in the presence of vibration, draughts or sudden acceleration. They can be found in public buildings, on rolling stock, sea-going vessels, and machine housings. The body of the door stop is slightly flexible and will compensate to a certain extent for poor fit. Pole pieces have been treated for anticorrosion. The unit is supplied with the appropriate W Series counterplate.Wall mounted. the Compact magnet is fitted in a flexiple neoprene sleeve.Model Holding Power (kg)CF 16-1 CF 22-1 CF 30-1 10 20 30B .630 .866 E 1.339 1.6931.181 2.760D 1.654 2.123 2.807Color: Light grey, brown Fixing: The polyamide base is screwed into the wall. The body is clipped onto the base and then locked into place using a retaining ring.Floor mounted. The Compact magnet is housed in a PVC sleeve. Use: For fixing onto a surface which is parallel to the direction of movement (i.e. a floor) Model Holding Power (kg) B E D H JCF 16-2 CF 22-1 10 20 1.024 1.791 2.362 1.496 1.969 1.024 1.791 2.362 1.496 1.969Color: Light grey, brown, white, black Fixing: The polyamide plate is screwed into the floor or surface and the body is slid into position. The unit is locked in position with a retaining ring.Round counterplates fitted by one single countersunk screw. The screw head must not protrude beyond the ground front surface. When fitting these counterplates, ensure that they are not fully screwed down so they can take up some play.Model W 16 W 22 W 30B E D.787 .157 .126 1.102 .217 .165 1.575 .236 .2446Part Number Pull (lbs)RB-20 RB-30 RB-50 RB-70 RB-80 RB-90 RB-100 5 9 35 60 80 130 190Diameter 1.200 1.437 2.050 2.625 3.187 3.880 4.910 Hole Size 0.125 0.187 0.187 0.250 0.281 0.375 0.500 Thickness 0.187 0.275 0.315 0.375 0.440 0.515 0.530These magnets provide very strong pull for their sizes at a very economical price. They support up to 190 pounds when in contact with a flat, ground, mild steel plate, at right angles to the direction of force. They are constructed of a steel cup with a magnet epoxied into it. The holding force of these assemblies is concentrated at the lip of the cup. A mounting hole is provided for easy attachment. Pull is tested at full contact on a flat, smooth, 1/2-thick steel plate. If the surface to which the magnet is holding is rough, rusty, coated, or not flat, the holding force may be substantially reduced, depending on the roughness, or thickness of the coating. Typical Applications Lifting, holding, and positioning, as well as mounting of indicators, lamps, antennas, inspection equipment, on machinery, vehicles and other metal surfaces.7Manufacturing facilities in: Manufacturing facilities in:DuBois, Pennsylvania DuBois, PennsylvaniaBerkhamsted, UK Berkhamsted, UK Culver City, California Pau, FrancePau, France Ningbo, China Sales andCentersin: Sales andCustomer Customer Support in: Daytona Beach,INFL Horsham, PA Daytona Beach,FL Indianapolis,Support Centers Horsham, PA375 Horsham Road,Suite 200Horsham, 415 Sargon Way,437-8890Tel: 1 (800)SuiteGFax: 1(215) 441-7734 Horsham, PA 19044USA PA 19044  USAWebsite: www.MagnetApplications.com 1(215) Sales@MagnetUS.com Website:: www.MagnetUS.com  E-Mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890  Fax: E-Mail:441-7734","null","brochure2000","");arrFiles[95]=new Array("docs/designguide.pdf","design guidelines edited","With a history dating back more than a half a century, it \'s not surprising that Magnet Applications \' operations span the globe. With manufacturing facilities in England, France and the U.S., as well as additional sales and distribution points in the U.S., Italy, Germany and Singapore, we can offer an unsurpassed corporate strength and commitment to providing total magnetic solutions to all our customers.Ford Q1 We measure and certify the quality of our processes and products as stringently as you do. All of our plants are ISO certified and some are QS-9000 certified, ensuring you that we are as deeply concerned with satisfying your customer as you are.Magnet Applications specializes in the manufacture of bonded magnets and assemblies using a variety of forming processes. The most significant features of bonded magnet processes are the ability to precisely target the magnetic performance, as well as utilizing net-shaping techniques that can achieve very complex shapes. Because we manufacture our own compounds for the bonded magnet processes, we are able to give customers the exact level of magnetic performance that is needed in a particular application. In the product listings, a number of different common performance levels are described, but in the majority of cases a precise blend will be created to give the most cost effective solution. The main processes and their limitations in performance and shaping are described below.Magnetic needs vary widely from application to application. As a provider of total magnetic solutions, we offer the capability of meeting any requirement. Whether you are using our JustIn-Time shipping capabilities from our multimillion-piece inventory of stock magnets, or working with our engineers to develop an entirely new permanent magnet motor for your product, we are the simple solution.  Design and Engineering  Finite Element Analysis Prototyping  Short and Long-Run Fabrication  Injection and Compression Molding  Magnetic Assemblies  Motion Control Solutions  Just-In-Time Inventory ShippingPart of our Total Magnetic Solutions philosophy is helping our customers to develop their new applications to the fullest extent of their potential. And while every new application brings with it new problems to solve, our engineers offer some of the industry \'s most extensive experience in magnetics. By making us a part of your design and manufacturing team, we can help your design meet its full potential, while also increasing the cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing process. We have a successful track record in nearly every magnet application: Aerospace  Automotive  Communications  Computers and Peripherals  Magnetic Assemblies  Medical Device and Diagnostics  Motion Control  Motors  Research and Development  SensorsBased on convential powder pressing techniques used in industries such as Ferrites, powder metal and pharmaceuticals, compression molding requires the lowest levels of non-magnetic binder and hence produces the highest magnetic performance in bonded magnets. Although applicable to any type of magnetic powder, the use of compression molding is almost exclusively restricted to rare-earth alloy products such as neodymium iron boron (NdFeB). The maximum energy product achievable is typically 10 MGOe for isotropic product, with anisotropic (aligned with a field during molding) grades of samarium cobalt giving even higher performance, as well as enhanced temperature stability. Anisotropic versions of NdFeB have been demonstrated but are in only limited production at energy products of up to 18 MGOe. The shaping limitations of compression are imposed by the need to eject a part from the tool, and the most common shapes are rings, discs, blocks and arc segments. The best tolerances are achieved on dimensions that are tool controlled, with lesser precision in the direction of pressing. The binders used in compression molding are typically epoxy resins which have good dimensional stability and resistance to chemicals, and are capable of withstanding temperatures in excess of 250 \'C.Where additional precision or complexity of shape is required, or where insert or overmolding is a benefit, injection molding is frequently used. The technique is more applicable to high volume production because of the relatively high tooling and equipment costs, and is used mainly with ferrite and rare-earth powders. Binders include a range of nylons, PPS and other binders for operating temperatures in excess of 180 \'C. The amount of magnetic powder that can be incorporated is lower than for compression molding and the magnetic properties are1consequently lower. For ferrite powders the top limit is around 2 MGOe, 6 MGOe for isotropic NdFeB and 9 MGOe for anisotropic SmCo. For magnet components molded directly onto shafts, or where additional assembly operations can be removed from a process, injection molding can offer significant savings and improvements in precision.The following sections will provide a brief insight into the design and application of permanent magnets. The Design Engineering team at Magnet Applications will be happy to assist you further in your applications.Where continuous strip, or long pieces of two dimensional profile are needed, extrusion is usually the most appropriate means of fabrication. Products such as refrigerator door gaskets, strip for  \"wrapped \" motor designs, and holding magnets for display purposes account for the majority of extruded product, and like calendered sheet below, the materials are predominantly limited to low temperature binders and ferrite powders, although higher performance products are produced with binders such as nitrile rubber and using rare-earth powders.There are four classes of modern commercialized magnets, each based on its material composition. Within each class is a family of grades with their own magnetic properties. These general classes are: Neodymium Iron Boron Ferrite Samarium Cobalt  AlnicoThis process is almost exclusively used for the production of ferrite powder based flexible sheet. The sheet can then be slit to form strip, or stamped to produce more complex shapes. By laminating the magnetic sheet with colored film a variety of decorative surfaces can be produced and by using special adhesives with backing papers, a  \"peel and stick \" product can be produced. The energy product is usually in the range 0.5 to 1.5 MGOe and operating temperature is generally limited to around 75 \'C because of the binders used. The holding force is not only a function of the grade of material and its thickness, but also the number of poles per inch in the magnetisation pattern.Neodymium Iron Boron and Samarium Cobalt are collectively known as Rare Earth magnets because they are both composed of materials from the Rare Earth group of elements. Neodymium Iron Boron (general composition Nd2Fe14B, often abbreviated as NdFeB) is the most recent commercial addition to the family of modern magnet materials. At room temperatures, NdFeB magnets exhibit the highest properties of all magnet materials. Samarium Cobalt is manufactured in two compositions: Sm1Co5 and Sm Co17, often referred to as the SmCo 1:5 or SmCo 2:17 types.22:17 types, with high Hci values, offer greater inherent stability that the 1:5 types. Ferrite magnets, also known as Ferrite magnets (general comO ) position BaFe2O3 or SrFe2to3behave been commercialized since the 1950s and continue extensively used today due to their low cost. A special form of Ferrite magnet is Flexible material, made by bonding Ferrite powder in a flexible binder. Alnico magnets (general composition Al-Ni-Co) were commercialized in the 1930s and are still used extensively today. These materials span a range of properties that accommodate a wide variety of application requirements. The following pages are intended to give a broad but practical overview of the factors that must be considered in selecting the proper material, grade, shape, and size of magnet for a specific applications. The chart below shows typical values of the key characteristics for selected grades of various materials for comparison. These values will be discussed in detail in the following pages.Magnets are an important part of our daily lives, serving as essential components in everything from electric motors, loudspeakers, computers, compact disc players, microwave ovens and the family car, to instrumentation, production equipment, and research projects. Their contribution is often overlooked because they are built into devices and are usually out of sight.Magnets function as transducers, transforming energy from one form to another, without any permanent loss of their own energy. General categories of permanent magnet functions are:  Mechanical to Mechanical - such as attraction and repulsion.  Mechanical to electrical - such as generation and microphones.  Electrical to mechanical - such as motors, loudspeakers, charged particle deflection.  Mechanical to heat - such as eddy current and hysteresis torque devices.Material GradeNdFeB SmCo NdFeB Alnico Ferrite Flexible 40H 26 B10N 5 8 1Br Hc Hci BHmax Tmax(°C)*40 26 10 5.5 3.5 0.612,600 11,600 17,00010,500 6,800 12,500 3,900 1,6009,200 10,000 5,780 10,300640 3,200 1,370*Tmax (maximum practical operating temperature)magnetreference only.onmaximum practical operating temperature of any circuit in which the magnet is operating. is dependant640 3,250 1,380 is for120 300 150 540 300 100 Thethe Special effects - such as magneto resistance, Hall effect devices, and magnetic resonance.2Basic problems of permanent magnet design revolve around estimating the distribution of magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit, which may include permanent magnets, air gaps, high permeability conduction elements, and electrical currents. Exact solutions of magnetic fields require complex analysis of many factors, although approximate solutions are possible based on certain simplifying assumptions. Obtaining an optimumModel of bar magnet with soft iron block nearbymagnet design often involves experience and tradeoffs.by fluctuations in thermal or magnetic energy, even in a thermally stable environment. This variation is reduced as the number of unstable domains decreases. Rare Earth Magnets are not as likely to experience this effect because of their extremely high coercivities. Long term time versus flux studies have shown that a newly magnetized magnet will lose a minor percent of its flux as a function of age. Over 100,000 hours, these losses are in the range of essentially zero for Samarium Cobalt materials to less than 3% for Alnico 5 materials at low permeance coefficients.Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling programs are used to analyze magnetic problems in order to arrive at more exact solutions, which can then be tested and fine tuned against a prototype of the magnet structure. Using FEA models flux densities, torques, and forces may be calculated. Results can be output inFinite Element modelvarious forms, including plots of vector magnetic potentials, flux density maps, and flux pattern plots. The Design Engineering team at Magnet Applications has extensive experience in many types of magnetic designs and is able to assist in the design and execution of FEA models.Permanent magnets are manufactured by one of the following methods:  Sintering (Rare Earths, Ferrites, and Alnicos)  Compression and Injection Molding (Rare Earths and Ferrites)  Casting (Alnico)  Extruding (Bonded NdFeB and Flexible)  Calendering (Flexible) The sintering process involves compacting fine powders at high pressure in an aligning magnetic field, then sintering to fuse into a solid shape. After sintering, the magnet shape is rough, and will need to be machined to achieve close tolerances. The intricacy of shapes that can be thus pressed is limited. Rare Earth sintered magnets may be die pressed (with pressure being applied in one direction) or isostaticly pressed (with equal pressure being applied in all directions). Isostaticly pressed magnets achieve higher magnetic properties than die pressed magnets. The aligning magnetic field for die pressed magnets can be either parallel or perpendicular to the pressing direction. Magnets pressed with the aligning field perpendicular to the pressing direction achieve higher magnetic properties than the parallel pressed form.The ability of a permanent magnet to support an external magnetic field results from small magnetic domains locked in position by crystal anisotropy within the magnet material. Once established by initial magnetization, these positions are held until acted upon by forces exceeding those which locked the domains. The energy required to disturb the magnetic field produced by a magnet varies for each type of material. Permanent magnets can be produced with extremely high coercive forces (Hc) which will maintain domain alignment in the presence of high external magnetic fields. Stability can be described as the repeated magnetic performance of a material under specific conditions over the life of the magnet. Factors affecting magnet stability include time, temperature, reluctance changes, adverse fields, radiation, shock, stress, and vibration.Isostatic pressing Perpendicular pressingThe effect of time on modern permanent magnets is minimal. Studies have shown that permanent magnets will see changes immediately after magnetization. These changes, known as magnetic creep, occur as less stable domains are affectedParallel pressing Both Rare Earth and Ferrite can also be manufactured by compression or injection molding the magnet powders in a carrier matrix. The density of magnet material in this form is lower than the pure sintered form, yielding lower magnetic properties. However, bonded or injection molded magnets3may be made with close tolerances off tool and in relatively intricate shapes. Alnico is manufactured in a cast or sintered form. Alnicos may be cast in large or complex shapes (such as the common horseshoe), while sintered Alnico magnets are made in relatively small sizes (normally one ounce or less) and in simple shapes. Flexible Rare Earth or Ferrite magnets are made by calendering or extruding magnet powders in a flexible carrier matrix such as vinyl. Magnet powder densities and therefore magnetic properties in this form of manufacture are even lower than the bonded or injection molded form. Flexible magnets are easily cut or punched into shape.Sintered Samarium Cobalt and Ferrite magnets exhibit small cracks within the material that occur during the sintering process. Provided that cracks do not extend more than halfway through a section, they do not normally affect the operation of the magnet. This is also true for small chips that may occur during machining and handling of these magnets, expecially on sharp edges. magnets may be tumbled to break edges: this is done to avoid feathering of sharp edges due to the brittle nature of the materials. Tumbling can acheive edge breaks of 0.003 to 0.010. Although Neodymium Iron Boron is relatively tough as compared to Samarium Cobalt and Ferrite, it is still brittle and care must be taken in handling. Because of these inherent material characteristics, it is not advisable to use any permanent magnet material as a structural component of an assembly. Rare Earth, Alnico, and Ferrite magnets are machined by grinding, which may considerably affect the magnet cost. Maintaining simple geometries and wide tolerances is therefore desirable from an economic point of view. Rectangular or round sections are preferable to complex shapes. Square holes (even with large radii), and very small holes are very difficult to machine and should be avoided. Magnets may be ground to virtually any specified tolerance. However, to reduce costs, tolerances of less than +/-0.001 should be avoided if possible. Cast Alnico materials exhibit porosity as a natural consequence of the casting process. This may become a problem with small shapes which are machined out of larger castings. The voids occupy a small portion of the larger casting, but can account for a large portion of the smaller fabricated magnets. This may cause a problem where uniformity or low variation is critical, and it may be advisable either to use a sintered Alnico, or another material. In spite of its slightly lower magnetic properties, sintered Alnico may yield a higher or more uniform net density, resulting in equal or higher net magnetic output. In applications where the cosmetic qualities of the magnet are of a concern, special attention should be placed on selecting the appropriate material, since cracks, chips, pores, and voids are common in rigid magnet materials. Magnet Applications has extensive experience in the machining and handling of all permanent magnet materials. In house machining facilities allow the ability to deliver prototype to production quantities with short lead times.Samarium Cobalt, Alnico, and Ferrite materials are corrosion resistant, and typically do not require to be coated against corrosion. Alnico is easily plated for cosmetic qualities, and Ferrites may be coated to seal the surface which will otherwise be covered by a thin film of ferrite powder, (although not a problem for most applications). Neodymium Iron Boron magnets are susceptible to corrosion and consideration should be given to the operating environment to determine if coating is necessary. Nickel or tin plating may be used for Neodymium Iron Boron magnets, however, the material must be properly prepared and the plating process properly controlled for successful plating. Plating houses experienced in the plating of NdFeB materials are difficult to locate, and must be furnished with the necessary information for proper preparation and control of the process. Aluminum chromate vacuum deposition has been successfully tested with coating thickness as low as 0.0003. Teflon and other organic coatings are relatively inexpensive and have also been successfully tested. We can also offer coatings of epoxy and parylene. A further option for critical applications is to apply two types of protective coatings or to encase the magnet in a stainless steel or other housing to reduce the chances of corrosion.Magnet Applications has manufacturing capabilities to manufacture complex magnet pole pieces and housings to provide a complete magnet assembly. Additionally, bonded magnets may be joined in assemblies through insert and overmolding techniques, as well as by compression bonding into or onto other components. The following points should be considered when designing magnet assemblies.Magnets can be successfully affixed to housings using adhesives. We use a range of adhesives, and recommendations of which adhesive to use can be supplied to customers as required.Magnet Applications is equipped to offer the manufacture of complex housings. Effective magnet locating sections should be included in housing designs to support and locat magnets precisely.When arrays of magnets must be assembled, especially when working with high-strength materials, it is very important to consider safety issues. Modern magnet materials such as the Rare Earths are extremely powerful, and when in repulsion they can behave as projectiles if adhesives were to break down. We strongly recommend that in these situations mechanical fastening be included in the design in addition to adhesives. Potential methods of mechanical retention include encasement, pinning, or strapping the magnets in place with non-magnetic metal components. The Design Engineering team at Magnet Applications is experienced in magnet housing and fastening designs, and we will be pleased to assist in arriving at an approriate design.4Magnet assemblies may be potted to fill airgaps or to cover entire arrays of magnets. Potting compounds cure to hard and durable finishes, and are available to resist a variety of environments, such as elevated temperatures, water flow, etc. When cured, the potting compounds may be machined to provide accurate finished parts.Assemblies which are required to be hermetically sealed can be welded using either laser welding (which is not affected by the presence of magnetic fields) or TIG welding (using appropriate shunting elements to reduce the effect of magnetic fields on the weld arc). Special care should be taken when welding magnetic assemblies so that heat dissipation of the weld does not affect the magnets.Saturation (all magneticPartially magnetizedIn certain cases, it may be desirable to magnetize a magnet with more than one pole on a single pole surface. This may be accomplished by constructing special magnetizing fixtures. Multiple pole magnetizing fixtures are relatively simple to build for Alnico and Ferrite, but require great care in design and construction for Rare Earth materials. Magnetizing with multiple poles will sometimes eliminate the need for several discrete magnets, reducing assembly costs, although a cost will be incurred for building an appropriate magnetizing fixture. Multiple pole fixtures for Rare Earth magnets may cost several thousand dollars to build, depending on the size of the magnet, the number of poles required, and the fields necessary to achieve saturation.Unmagnetized conditionThe objective of magnetization is initially to magnetize a magnet to saturation, even if it will later be slightly demagnetized for stabilization purposes. Magnetization is accomplished by exposing the magnet to an externally-applied field. This magnetic field may be created by other permanent magnets, or by currents flowing in coils. Using permanent magnets for magnetization is only practical for low coercivity or thin sections of materials. Removal of the magnetized specimen from the permanent magnet magnetizer can be problematic since the field cannot be turned off, and fringing fields may adversely affect the magnetization of the specimen. The two most common types of magnetizing equipment are the DC and capacitor discharge magnetizers.Some Rare Earth magnets require very high magnetizing fields in the 20 to 50 kOe range. These fields are difficult to produce requiring large power supplies in conjunction with carefully designed magnetizing fixtures. Isotropic bonded Neodymium materials require magnetic fields in the high 60 kOe range to be fully saturated. However, 98% of saturation may be achieved by fields in the 30 kOe range. Ferrites require fields in the order of 10 kOe, while Alnicos require fields in the range of 3 kOe for saturation. Because of the ease by which Alnico 5 can become inadvertently demagnetized, it is preferable for this material to be magnetized just prior to or even after final assembly of the magnets into the device.Our plants around the world manufacture prototype to high volume custom magnets and magnet assemblies. We specialize in providing Total Magnetic Solutions through injection and compression molding of Neodymium Iron Boron magnetic material, as well as well as other rare earth magnets. In addition, we stock a tremendous inventory of Neodymium Iron Boron, Samarium Cobalt, Ferrite, Alnico and Flexible magnetic material. Our engineers and technicians work with national laboratories and universities, as well as for clients in the automotive, defense, aerospace, semiconductor, medical, oil field equipment, and communications industries to design and manufacture critical magnetic components. From high-performance, state-of-the-art rare-earth magnets to low-cost Ferrite magnets, only Magnet Applications can meet all of your requirements for performance, engineering, prototyping and inventory. Our engineers and technicians are committed to helping you add value to your designs and products through our expertise in the field of magnet applications. Please contact us today at 1-800-437-8890.5Material & Grade(Gauss) Br (Oersted) (Oersted)Hc Hci BHmax MGOe Recoil Perm.NdFeB, Sintered24UH 30 32SH 35 35SH 38H 39H 42 42H 45 45H 48 10,000 11,400 11,600 12,300 12,200 12,550 12,800 13,050 13,300 13,550 13,500 14,100SmCo, Sintered18 26 26HS 27H 28 32H 8,600 10,500 10,600 11,000 10,700 11,6009,600 10,400 11,100 11,300 11,700 11,700 12,300 12,500 12,700 11,750 12,900 12,900 7,200 9,200 9,800 10,300 10,300 9,500NdFeB, Compression MoldedSB50 SB65 SB75 B10N 3400 4400 5300 6,800NdFeB, Injection Molded30/60P1 38/60P1 45/60P2 Alnico 5 Cast 5-7 Cast 6 Cast 8 Cast 2 Sintered 4500 5000 5500 12,500 13,500 10,500 8,300 6,6005 Sintered 10,8008 Sintered Ferrite 1 5 8 10 7,000 2,200 3,950 3,900 4,200Ferrite, Injection Molded3/17p1 12/22p1 16/21p1 Flexible Standard HF1 HF2 HF3 1300 2600 2870 1,725 2,200 2,450 2,6503000 3800 4600 5800 3900 4000 4700 640 740 780 1,650 550 600 1,900 1,900 2,400 3,200 2,950 1080 2200 2250 1,325 2,000 2,200 2,20041,000 13,500 31,000 14,000 26,000 17,000 21,000 14,000 17,000 12,500 15,000 13,500 9,000 10,000 18,000 26,000 18,000 14,000 9100 9100 9100 9100 9000 9000 9000 640 740 800 1,650 550 600 1,900 3,250 2,450 3,250 3,050 2170 2830 2600 1,340 2,400 2,400 2,400 24 30 32 35 36 38.5 40 41 43 44 45 48 18 26 27 28 28 31 2.6 4.2 6.2 10.0 4 5 6 5.5 7.5 3.9 5.5 1.4 3.8 5.0 1.1 3.6 3.5 4.2 0.36 1.5 2 0.6 1.1 1.4 1.61.10 1.09 1.10 1.09 1.05 1.05 1.10 1.05 1.10 1.05 1.10 1.10 1.00 1.08 1.02 1.10 1.05 1.021.25 1.15 1.15 1.15 3.70 3.60 2.40 2.00 5.60 5.20 1.90 1.15 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.15 1.05 1.05 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06Slope @ BHmax 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2*Max Op. Temp. Coeff. Temp (°C) DBr/Br/°C Density (Lb/in3) Density g/cm318.0 16.0 7.0 5.0 12.3 18.4 5.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.11.2 1.0 1.0 1.0210 150 180 150 160 130 150 120 120 100 100 80 250 350 380 350 350 350 150 150 150 150 110 110 110 540 540 540 540 540 540 540 300 300 300 300 140 150 150 100 100 100 100 -0.10 -0.12 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.11 -0.11 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.013 -0.013 -0.013 -0.013 -0.015 -0.007 -0.013 -0.18 -0.20 -0.20 -0.20 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.19 -0.19 -0.19 -0.19 0.271 0.267 0.271 0.271 0.271 0.271 0.271 0.271 0.271 0.271 0.271 0.271 0.300 0.303 0.303 0.303 0.303 0.303 0.210 0.210 0.210 0.217 0.163 0.181 0.199 0.265 0.265 0.265 0.265 0.247 0.253 0.253 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.123 0.123 0.130 0.133 0.140 0.140 0.140 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 6.8 7.0 7.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.9*These maximum operating temperatures apply under certain conditions and are for reference only. If your application will approach these temperatures, please consult with our engineers.6Manufacturing facilities in:DuBois, PennsylvaniaBerkhamsted, UK Pau, FranceNingbo, China Sales and Customer Support Centers in: Horsham, PA Daytona Beach, FL375 Horsham Road, Suite 200  Horsham, PA 19044  USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890  Fax: 1(215) 441-7734 Website: www.MagnetApplications.com  E-Mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com","null","design guidelines edited","");arrFiles[96]=new Array("docs/sinteredndfeb.pdf","design guidelines edited","®Magnet Applications Group (MAG) is proud to offer a new range of high performance Rare Earth Magnet materials. Through the partnering of one of the oldest magnet manufacturers  Magnet Applications  and one of the largest  Yunsheng Strong Magnet Material Co. Ltd.  weve created the optimum combination of traits: offshore prices, domestic state-of-the-art design and full technical support. With both ISO 9000 and QS-9000, all manufacturing plants, both local and offshore, offer full customer access. Another offshore Rare Earth producer? Well, yes & no. The primary source of magnet production is in China but contacts, including engineering and logistics, are in the local market. Why consider MAG and Yunsheng? Because we offer:  Full local support at extremely competitive prices  Wide product offering, including high-temperature grades up to 48 MGOe with a well-funded R&D program for new grades  Full in-house capabilities  no subcontracted processes - This includes tooling, magnetization & plating/ coating  Quality; all MAG sites are ISO-9002, US and UK are QS-9000  Capabilities for full assembly in local market  Rapid prototyping and production start-up  Kan Ban Systems if required  Off shore prices - on shore service Operating from new, dedicated, state-of-the-art facilities, Yunsheng is already undergoing further expansion. The company operates a completely integrated process, from powder preparation and pressing, to machining, plating and magnetization. No processes are subcontracted. The output of sintered magnets in the year 2000 was 1200 tons and 2000 tons in the year 2001. The plants enviable equipment list, sourced in USA, Europe & locally, includes the following:  45 Mechanical & Hydraulic Presses, from 20 to 200 tons  10 Jet Mills, 1 for each main grade to prevent contamination  35 Vacuum furnaces  30 OD Grinders  600 Cut-off machines  180 Drilling Machines  350 EDM machines, developed and built by Yunsheng  Full analytical labs, including characterizing up to 200°C, as well as salt spray and temperature testing  Tooling shop for design and manufacture with soft tool turnaround in less than 7 days  PPAP Capability Magnet Applications, already a world leader in the manufacture, fabrication and distribution of permanent magnets, is totally committed to offering you absolutely seamless service and logistical support. Together, MAGroup and Yunsheng will make sure your association with us is a success.With a history dating back more than a half a century, it \'s not surprising that Magnet Applications Groups operations span the globe. With manufacturing facilities in England, France, and the U.S., as well as additional sales and distribution points in the U.S., Italy, Germany and Singapore, we are commited to providing the finest value, service, quality and products to our customers.Ford Q1 We measure and certify the quality of our processes and products as stringently as you do. All of our plants are QS-9000 certified, ensuring you that we are as deeply concerned with satisfying your customer as you are.Magnetic needs vary widely from application to application. As a provider of total magnetic solutions, we offer the capability of meeting virtually any requirement. Whether you are using our Just-In-Time shipping capabilities from our multimillion-piece inventory of stock magnets, or working with our engineers to develop an entirely new permanent magnet motor for your product, we are the simple solution.  Design and Engineering  Finite Element Analysis Prototyping  Short and Long-Run Production  Injection and Compression Molding  Magnetic Assemblies  Magnetization  Just-In-Time Inventory ShippingPart of our Total Magnetic Solutions philosophy is helping our customers to develop their new applications to the fullest extent of their potential. And while every new application brings with it new problems to solve, our engineers offer some of the industry \'s most extensive experience in magnetics. By making us a part of your design and manufacturing team, we can help your design meet its full potential, while also increasing the cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing process.Remanance BrmT 1380-1420 1320-1380 1280-1320 1280-1320 1250-1280 1240-1280 1240-1280 1210-1250 1210-1250 1210-1250 1170-1210 1170-1210 1170-1210 1130-1170 1130-1170 1130-1170 1130-1170 1080-1130 1080-1130 1020-1080 1020-1080 kGauss 13.8-14.2 13.2-13.8 12.8-13.2 12.8-13.2 12.4-12.8 12.4-12.8 12.4-12.8 12.1-12.5 12.1-12.5 12.1-12.5 11.7-12.1 11.7-12.1 11.7-12.1 11.3-11.7 11.3-11.7 11.3-11.7 11.3-11.7 10.8-11.3 10.8-11.3 10.2-10.8 10.2-10.8Coercivity HckA/m 835 876 923 956 923 923 939 899 899 907 868 868 876 836 836 844 852 812 812 764 780 kOe 10.5 11.0 11.6 12.0 11.6 11.6 11.8 11.3 11.3 11.4 10.9 10.9 11.0 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.2 10.2 9.6 9.8Intrinsic Coercivity HcikA/m 876 955 955 1353 955 1353 1592 955 1353 1592 955 1353 1592 955 1353 1592 1990 1990 2388 1990 2388 kOe 11 12 12 17 12 17 20 12 17 20 12 17 20 12 17 20 25 25 30 25 30 Grade N48 N45 N42 42H N40 40H 40SH N38 38H 38SH N35 35H 35SH N33 33H 33SH 33UH 30UH 30EH 28UH 28EHEnergy Product BHMAX kJ/m3 366-390 342-366 318-342 318-342 318-342 302-326 302-326 287-310 287-310 287-310 263-287 263-287 263-287 247-263 247-271 247-272 247-271 223-247 223-247 207-231 207-231MGOe 46-49 43-46 40-43 40-43 38-41 38-41 38-41 36-39 36-39 36-39 33-36 33-36 33-36 31-34 31-34 31-34 31-34 28-31 28-31 26-29 26-29Maximum Operating Temperature TMAX °C 80 80 80 120 80 120 150 80 120 150 80 120 150 80 120 150 180 180 200 180 200Manufacturing facilities in:DuBois, PennsylvaniaBerkhamsted, UK Pau, FranceNingbo, China Sales and Customer Support Centers in: Horsham, PA Daytona Beach, FL375 Horsham Road, Suite 200  Horsham, PA 19044  USA Tel: 1 (800) 437-8890  Fax: 1(215) 441-7734 Website: www.MagnetApplications.com  E-Mail: Sales@MagnetUS.com","null","design guidelines edited","");arrFiles[97]=new Array("docs/tmsbrochure.pdf","brochure2000","With a history dating back more than a half a century, it \'s not surprising that Magnet Applications \' operations span the globe. With manufacturing facilities in North Amerca and Europe, as well as additional sales and distribution points around the world, we can offer an unsurpassed corporate strength and commitment to providing total magnetic solutions to all our customers.We measure and certify the quality of our processes and products as stringently as you do. All of our plants are ISO certified, ensuring you that we are as deeply concerned with satisfying your customer as you are.Magnet Applications specializes in the manufacture of bonded magnets and assemblies using a variety of forming processes. The most significant features of bonded magnet processes are the ability to precisely target the magnetic performance, as well as utilizing netshaping techniques that can achieve very complex shapes. Because we manufacture our own compounds for the bonded magnet processes, we are able to give customers the exact level of magnetic performance that is needed in a particular application. In the product listings, a number of different common performance levels are described, but in the majority of cases a precise blend will be created to give the most cost effective solution. The main processes and their limitations in performance and shaping are described below.Magnetic needs vary widely from application to application. As a provider of total magnetic solutions, we offer the capability of meeting any requirement. Whether you are using our JustIn-Time shipping capabilities from our multimillion-piece inventory of stock magnets, or working with our engineers to develop an entirely new permanent magnet motor for your product, we are the simple solution.  Design and Engineering  Finite Element Analysis Prototyping  Short and Long-Run Fabrication  Injection and Compression Molding  Magnetic Assemblies  Motion Control Solutions  Just-In-Time Inventory Shipping  Kan Ban Systems if RequiredPart of our Total Magnetic Solutions philosophy is helping our customers to develop their new applications to the fullest extent of their potential. And while every new application brings with it new problems to solve, our engineers offer some of the industry \'s most extensive experience in magnetics. By making us a part of your design and manufacturing team, we can help your design meet its full potential, while also increasing the cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing process. We have a successful track record in nearly every magnet application: Aerospace  Automotive  Communications  Computers and Peripherals  Magnetic Assemblies  Medical Device and Diagnostics  Motion Control  Motors  Research and Development  SensorsBased on convential powder pressing techniques used in industries such as Ferrites, powder metal and pharmaceuticals, compression molding requires the lowest levels of non-magnetic binder and hence produces the highest magnetic performance in bonded magnets. Although applicable to any type of magnetic powder, the use of compression molding is almost exclusively restricted to rare-earth alloy products such as neodymium iron boron (NdFeB). The maximum energy product achievable is typically 10 MGOe for isotropic product, with anisotropic (aligned with a field during molding) grades of samarium cobalt giving even higher performance, as well as enhanced temperature stability. Anisotropic versions of NdFeB have been demonstrated but are in only limited production at energy products of up to 19 MGOe. The shaping limitations of compression are imposed by the need to eject a part from the tool, and the most common shapes are rings, discs, blocks and arc segments. The best tolerances are achieved on dimensions that are tool controlled, with lesser precision in the direction of pressing. The binders used in compression molding are typically epoxy resins which have good dimensional stability and resistance to chemicals, and are capable of withstanding temperatures in excess of 250 \'C. Where additional precision or complexity of shape is required, or where insert or overmolding is a benefit, injection molding is frequently used. The technique is more applicable to high volume production because of the relatively high tooling and equipment costs, and is used mainly with ferrite and rare-earth powders. Binders include a range of nylons, PPS and other binders for operating temperatures in excess of 180 \'C. The amount of magnetic powder that can be incorporated is lower than for 1compression molding and the magnetic properties are consequently lower. For ferrite powders the top limit is around 2 MGOe, 6 MGOe for isotropic NdFeB and 15 MGOe for anisotropic NdFeB. For magnet components molded directly onto shafts, or where additional assembly operations can be removed from a process, injection molding can offer significant savings and improvements in precision.of the magnets into the device.Saturation (all magneticPartially magnetizedUnmagnetized conditionIn certain cases, it may be desirable to magnetize a magnet with more than one pole on a single pole surface. This may be accomplished by constructing special magnetizing fixtures. Multiple pole magnetizing fixtures are relatively simple to build for Alnico and Ferrite, but require great care in design and construction for Rare Earth materials. Magnetizing with multiple poles will sometimes eliminate the need for several discrete magnets, reducing assembly costs, although a cost will be incurred for building an appropriate magnetizing fixture. Multiple pole fixtures for Rare Earth magnets may cost several thousand dollars to build, depending on the size of the magnet, the number of poles required, and the fields necessary to achieve saturation.The objective of magnetization is initially to magnetize a magnet to saturation, even if it will later be slightly demagnetized for stabilization purposes. Magnetization is accomplished by exposing the magnet to an externallyapplied field. This magnetic field may be created by other permanent magnets, or by currents flowing in coils. Using permanent magnets for magnetization is only practical for low coercivity or thin sections of materials. Removal of the magnetized specimen from the permanent magnet magnetizer can be problematic since the field cannot be turned off, and fringing fields may adversely affect the magnetization of the specimen. The two most common types of magnetizing equipment are the DC and capacitor discharge magnetizers.Some Rare Earth magnets require very high magnetizing fields in the 20 to 50 kOe range. These fields are difficult to produce requiring large power supplies in conjunction with carefully designed magnetizing fixtures. Isotropic bonded Neodymium materials require magnetic fields in the high 60 kOe range to be fully saturated. However, 98% of saturation may be achieved by fields in the 30 kOe range. Ferrites require fields in the order of 10 kOe, while Alnicos require fields in the range of 3 kOe for saturation. Because of the ease by which Alnico 5 can become inadvertently demagnetized, it is preferable for this material to be magnetized just prior to or even after final assembly 2Magnets are an important part of our daily lives, serving as essential components in everything from electric motors, loudspeakers, computers, compact disc players, microwave ovens and the family car, to instrumentation, production equipment, and research projects. Their contribution is often overlooked because they are built into devices and are usually out of sight. Magnets function as transducers, transforming energy from one form to another, without any permanent loss of their own energy. General categories of permanent magnet functions are:  Mechanical to Mechanical - such as attraction and repulsion.  Mechanical to electrical - such as generation and microphones.  Electrical to mechanical - such as motors, loudspeakers, charged particle deflection. Mechanical to heat - such as eddy current and hysteresis torque devices.  Special effects - such as magneto resistance, Hall effect devices, and magnetic resonance. The following sections will provide a brief insight into the design and application of permanent magnets. The Design Engineering team at Magnet Applications will be happy to assist you further in your applications.Material GradeNdFeB SmCo NdFeB Alnico Ferrite Flexible 40H 26 B10N 5 8 1Br Hc Hci12,600 11,600 17,000 10,600 9,300 15,0006,800 12,500 3,900 1,600 5,800 9,100 640 640 3,200 3,250 1,370 1,380BHmax 40 26 10 5.5 3.5 0.6 Tmax(°C)* 120 300 150 540 300 100There are four classes of modern commercialized magnets, each based on its material composition. Within each class is a family of grades with their own magnetic properties. These general classes are: Neodymium Iron Boron Cobalt  Ferrite (ferrite)  Samarium  Alnico*Tmax (maximum practical operating temperature) is for reference only. The maximum practical operating temperature of any magnet is dependant on the circuit in which the magnet is operating.Neodymium Iron Boron and Samarium Cobalt are collectively known as Rare Earth magnets because they are both composed of materials from the Rare Earth group of elements. Neodymium Iron Boron (general composition Nd2Fe14B, often abbreviated as NdFeB) is the most recent commercial addition to the family of modern magnet materials. At roomFinite ElementFinite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling programs are used to analyze magnetic problems in order to arrive at more exact solutions, which can then be tested and fine tuned against a prototype of the magnet structure. Using FEA models flux densities, torques, and forces may be calculated. Results can be output in various forms, including plots of vector magnetic potentials, flux density maps, and flux pattern plots. The Design Engineeringtemperatures, NdFeB magnets exhibit the highest properties of all magnet materials. Samarium Cobalt is manufactured in two compositions: Sm1Co5 and Sm2Co17, often referred to as the SmCo 1:5 or SmCo 2:17 types. 2:17 types, with high Hci values, offer greater inherent stability that the 1:5 types. Ferrite magnets (generalcomposition BaFe2O3 or SrFe2O3tohaveextensively) been commercializedused today since the 1950s and continue beteam at Magnet Applications has extensive experience in many types of magnetic designs and is able to assist in the design and execution of FEA models.due to their low cost. A special form of Ferrite magnet is Flexible material, made by bonding Ferrite powder in a flexible binder. Alnico magnets (general composition Al-NiCo) were commercialized in the 1930s and are still used extensively today. These materials span a range of properties that accommodate a wide variety of application requirements. The following pages are intended to give a broad but practical overview of the factors that must be considered in selecting the proper material, grade, shape, and size of magnet for a specific applications. The chart below shows typical values of the key characteristics for selected grades of various materials for comparison. These values will be discussed in detail in the following pages. Basic problems of permanent magnet design revolve around estimating the distribution of magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit, which may include permanent magnets, air gaps, high permeability conduction elements, and electrical currents. Exact solutions of magnetic fields require complex analysis of many factors, although approximate solutions are possible based on certain simplifying assumptions. Obtaining an optimum magnet design often involves experience and tradeoffs.The ability of a permanent magnet to support an external magnetic field results from small magnetic domains locked in position by crystal anisotropy within the magnet material. Once established, these positions are held until acted upon by forces exceeding those which locked the domains. The energy required to disturb the field produced by a magnet varies for each type of material. Permanent magnets can be produced with extremely high coercive forces (Hc) which will maintain domain alignment in the presence of high external magnetic fields. Stability can be described as the repeated magnetic performance of a material under specific conditions over its life. Factors affecting magnet stability include time, temperature, reluctance changes, adverse fields, radiation, shock, stress, and vibration.Our plants around the world manufacture prototype to high volume custom magnets and magnet assemblies. We specialize in providing Total Magnetic Solutions through injection and compression molding of Neodymium Iron Boron magnetic material, as well as other rare earth magnets. In addition, we stock a tremendous inventory of Neodymium Iron Boron, Samarium Cobalt, Ferrite, Alnico and Flexible magnetic material. Our engineers and technicians work with national laboratories and universities, as well as for clients in the automotive, defense, aerospace, semiconductor, medical, oil field equipment, and communications industries to design and manufacture critical magnetic3components.Why go offshore when our interdisciplinary capabilities make Magnet Applications the ideal choice for the design, engineering, prototyping and manufacturing of magnetic assemblies  right here in the United States. As magnet technology becomes more advanced, so must the technology used to fully optimize the magnetic circuitry or design. By combining our expertise in all types of permanent magnet manufacture (including our high energy bonded rare earth materials Bremag® and Magfine®) with our extensive experience with CNC machining and injection molded plastic work, we offer a high quality, cost-effective solution to all your magnet assembly needs. With manufacturing plants in North America and Europe, plus full manufacturing capabilities in low cost areas around the world, Magnet Applications can and will bring you the greatest economy with the least worry. Whether you need a single assembly for the development of a high profile research project, a short run of assemblies for capital equipment manufacturing, or a source for high production assemblies to be used in a mass-market application, Magnet Applications is your Total Magnetic Solution. Injection and compression molded Magnet materials  Injection molded plastic materials  CNC machining  Metalwork  Design, modeling and prototyping of assemblies  Fabrication of any quantity, short or long run4 Excellent mechanical strength and surface finish  Compression molded magnets can be manufactured to very tight tolerances off tool  Injection molded magnets may be overmolded onto metal and plastic components  Greater cracking and chipping resistance than other rare earth magnets  Superior energy to weight ratio  May be molded into a variety of shapes and sizes  Magnetic values up to 10 MGOe (6 MGOe for Injection Molded Bremag)  Simple to complex multipole magnetization patterns possible  Low tooling cost  Co-Injected Assemblies BREMAG (Molded Neodymium Iron Boron, or NdFeB) rare earth magnets open up a new realm of design possibilities to engineers. Their high magnetic values and reduced size make them ideal for miniaturization where weight and space are at a premium. Our unique abilities in the production of Compression and Injection Molded Bremag increase the scope of its application. No other magnetic material combines these performance and fabrication capabilities. Plus, Bremag simplifies production engineering because of its resistance to chipping and cracking, its complex magnetization possibilities and its machinability. Because it contains only nominal amounts of Cobalt compared to Alnico and Samarium Cobalt, Bremag is far less expensive than other rare earth materials. Additionally, we have had success with hybrids of Neodymium Iron Boron and Ferrite, offering our customers an even broader range of choices.. We offer complete engineering assistance, prototyping services, fabrication and inventory management. Call our sales staff today to discuss your application.All measurements at 23°C (75°F) unless otherwise stated. *Other thermoplastic binders are possible. Contact us for more information. **Bremag 10N (B) is standard material. ***The properties of Bremag S are variable. Please call with your requirements.Bremag 10N (B) [MQPB]The properties and data presented on this page are typical. For any critical application, Magnet Applications should be consulted.5P1 = Nylon 6 P2 = Nylon 12 P3 = PPS6 Ideal for large production runs  May be molded into complex shapes  May be molded onto shafts or be attached to other components  Tolerances as tight as 0.01 mm  Impact and chemical resistant  Energy Products to 16 kJ/m3 (2 MGOe)  Isotropic and Anisotropic Grades  Neodymium hybrids can increase performance  Co-Injected AssembliesMagnet Applications \' injectionmolded Ferrite offers design engineers near limitless shape and magnetization possibilities. Its high tensile strength allows injectionmolded components to withstand high rotational forces, and it offers both excellent chemical and impact resistance. Isotropic grades can be magnetized in any direction: axial, radial or multi-polar. Anisotropic grades are magnetically oriented in a preferred direction during the molding process, and offer higher energy products. Additionally, we have had success with new hybrids of Neodymium Iron Boron and Ferrite, offering our customers an even broader range of choices. We offer complete engineering assistance, prototyping services, fabrication and inventory stocking. Call our sales staff today to discuss your application.7 Full local support at extremely competitive prices  Wide product offering, including hightemperature grades up to 48 MGOe with a well-funded R&D program for new grades  Full in-house capabilities  no subcontracted processes. - This includes tooling, magnetization & plating/ coating  Capabilities for full assembly in local market  Rapid prototyping and production start-up  Off shore prices - on shore serviceMagnet Applications Sintered Neodymium Iron Boron magnets offer engineers the ideal combination of low cost and high energy product. We make available a broad range of grades to permit optimal selection for the magnets operating environment. Operating from state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities around the world, Magnet Applications can meet any requirement. From high-value, costconscious product from China, to more exotic grade material from Japan, to domestically manufactured finished products in any quantities, were your Total Magnetic Solution.Remanance BrmT 1400-1450 1380-1420 1320-1360 1320-1380 1280-1320 1280-1320 1240-1280 1240-1280 1240-1280 1210-1250 1210-1250 1210-1250 1170-1210 1170-1210 1170-1210 1130-1170 1130-1170 1130-1170 1130-1170 1080-1130 1080-1130 1020-1080 1020-1080 KGauss 14.0-14.5 13.8-14.2 13.2-13.6 13.2-13.8 12.8-13.2 12.8-13.2 12.4-12.8 12.4-12.8 12.4-12.8 12.1-12.5 12.1-12.5 12.1-12.5 11.7-12.1 11.7-12.1 11.7-12.1 11.3-11.7 11.3-11.7 11.3-11.7 11.3-11.7 10.8-11.3 10.8-11.3 10.2-10.8 10.2-10.8Coercivity HckA/m 860 835 1000 876 923 956 923 923 939 899 899 907 868 868 876 836 836 844 852 812 812 764 780 KOe 10.8 10.5 12.5 11.0 11.6 12.0 11.6 11.6 11.8 11.3 11.3 11.4 10.9 10.9 11.0 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.2 10.2 9.6 9.8Intrinsic Coercivity HcikA/m 955 876 1360 955 955 1353 955 1353 1592 955 1353 1592 955 1353 1592 955 1353 1592 1990 1990 2388 1990 2388 KOe 12 11 17 12 12 17 12 17 20 12 17 20 12 17 20 12 17 20 25 25 30 25 30 Unit 50 48 45H 45 42 42H 40 40H 40SH 38 38H 38SH 35 35H 35SH 33 33H 33SH 33UH 30UH 30EH 28UH 28EHEnergy Product BHMAX kJ/m3 382-406 366-390 342-366 342-366 318-342 318-342 318-342 302-326 302-326 287-310 287-310 287-310 263-287 263-287 263-287 247-263 247-271 247-272 247-271 223-247 223-247 207-231 207-231MGOe 48-51 46-49 43-46 43-46 40-43 40-43 38-41 38-41 38-41 36-39 36-39 36-39 33-36 33-36 33-36 31-34 31-34 31-34 31-34 28-31 28-31 26-29 26-29Maximum Operating Temperature TMAX °C 80 80 120 80 80 120 80 120 150 80 120 150 80 120 150 80 120 150 180 180 200 180 2008SmCo magnets are available in a number of grades that span a wide range of properties and application requirements. SmCo magnets are anisotropic, and can only be magnetized in the orientation direction. In general, magnetizing fields of about 35 to 45 kOe are required to saturate SmCo materials. SmCo magnets can operate at temperatures up to 350°C , depending upon the grade and permeance coefficient. Sm2Co17 materials exhibit superior temperature characteristics as compared to the Sm1Co5 types.Magnet Applications offers a variety of designs and colors. Catches are manufactured in a range of materials, with many mounting and adjustment options. High temperature catches for use in applications up to 300°C are available. Custom catches may be designed to your specification. Magnet Applications catches are extensively used in industrial and quality furniture applications. Magnet Applications full line of magnetic catches is supplemented by its range of Magnetic Door Stops with up to 66 pounds holding force. Designed for use on large oceangoing vessels, these door stops can be used for all panels, gates or doors, which must be firmly held in the presence of vibrations, draughts or sudden acceleration. They can be found in public buildings, on rolling stock, seagoing vessels and machine housings. The body of the doorstop is slightly flexible and will compensate to a certain extent for poor fitting. Pole pieces have been treated to resist corrosion. The unit is supplied with the appropriate W counter plate.We offer a comprehensive selection of cast and sintered grades. Aluminum Nickel Cobalt (Alnico) magnets are available in ring, block, and disk form.  Stable at high temperatures  Excellent electrical conductors  Very good resistance to corrosion Ferrite magnets are an excellent choice where economy needs to be combined with moderate magnetic strength requirements.  Excellent Resistance to Corrosion  Very Good Electrical Insulators  Operate in Environments to 500°F/250°CFrom high-performance, state-of-the-art rare-earth magnets to low-cost Ferrite magnets, only Magnet Applications can meet all of your requirements for performance, engineering, prototyping and inventory. Our engineers and technicians are committed to helping you add value to your designs and products through our expertise in the field of magnet applications. Please contact us today at 1-800-437-8890.9GRADE NdFeB, Sintered 50 48 45H 45M 45 42H 42M 42 40SH 40H 40M 40 38SH 38H 38M 38 35SH 35H 35M 35 33UH 33SH 33H 33M 33 30EH 30UH 30SH 30H 28EH 28UH 28SH SmCo, Sintered 32 30 28H 28 27H 26H 26 25H 24 22 20 18 Remanance Br Gauss 14200 14000 13500 13500 13500 13000 13000 13000 12600 12600 12600 12600 12300 12300 12300 12300 11900 11900 11900 11900 11500 11500 11500 11500 11500 11100 11100 11100 11100 10700 10700 10700 11500 11100 10900 10900 10800 10600 10600 10400 10100 9600 9200 8800 mT 1420 1400 1350 1350 1350 1300 1300 1300 1260 1260 1260 1260 1230 1230 1230 1230 1190 1190 1190 1190 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1110 1110 1110 1110 1070 1070 1070 1150 1110 1090 1090 1080 1060 1060 1040 1010 960 920 880 Coercivity HcOersted 10000 10500 12500 11000 11000 12000 12000 11600 11800 11600 11600 11600 11400 11300 11300 11300 11000 10900 10900 10900 10700 10600 10500 10500 10500 10200 10100 10000 10000 9800 9600 9500 8000 8000 9000 9000 9400 9200 8500 9200 9200 9000 8600 8400 5800 5000 4700 3900 4700 4000 3900 740 650 1500 1650 1500 620 3200 2400 1900 2250 2250 2350 2250 2200 1080 2200 2200 2000 1325 kA/m 796 835 994 875 875 955 955 923 939 923 923 923 907 899 899 899 875 867 867 867 851 843 835 835 835 811 804 796 796 780 764 756 636 636 716 716 748 732 676 732 732 716 684 668 461 398 374 310 374 318 310 59 52 119 131 119 49 255 191 151 179 179 187 179 175 86 175 175 159 105 Intrinsic Coercivity Hci Oersted 11000 11000 17000 14000 12000 17000 14000 12000 20000 17000 14000 12000 20000 17000 14000 12000 20000 17000 14000 12000 25000 20000 17000 14000 12000 30000 25000 20000 17000 30000 25000 20000 10000 10000 17000 12000 25000 18000 12000 26000 15000 16000 18000 18000 9100 9100 9100 9100 9000 9000 9000 740 650 1500 1700 1600 630 3250 2500 3250 2600 2700 2800 2800 2830 2170 2400 2400 2400 1340 kA/m 875 875 1352 1114 955 1352 1114 955 1591 1352 1114 955 1591 1352 1114 955 1591 1352 1114 955 1989 1591 1352 1114 955 2387 1989 1591 1352 2387 1989 1591 796 796 1352 955 1989 1432 955 2068 1193 1273 1432 1432 724 724 724 724 716 716 716 59 52 119 135 127 50 259 199 259 207 215 223 223 225 173 191 191 191 107 Energy Product BHmax MGOe 50 48 45 45 45 42 42 42 40 40 40 40 38 38 38 38 35 35 35 35 33 33 33 33 33 30 30 30 30 28 28 28 32 30 28 28 27 26 26 25 24 22 20 18 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 7.5 5.5 9.0 5.3 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.4 1.05 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 0.36 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.6 kJ/m3 398 382 358 358 358 334 334 334 318 318 318 318 302 302 302 302 278 278 278 278 262 262 262 262 262 239 239 239 239 223 223 223 254 239 223 223 215 207 207 199 191 175 159 143 80 64 48 32 48 40 32 60 44 72 42 32 31 28 27 8 16 14 14 14 12 3 13 11 9 5NdFeB - Isotropic, Compression MoldedB10N B8N B6N B4N 6800 6000 5500 4500 680 600 550 450NdFeB - Isotropic, Injection Molded45/60 P2 38/60 P1 30/60 P1 5500 5000 4500Alnico, Cast and SinteredCast 5-7 Cast 5 Cast 9 Cast 8 Sintered 8 Sintered 5 Ferrite, Sintered 8 5 1 13500 12500 10600 8200 7400 10900 3900 3800 2200Ferrite, Injection Molded16/21 P1 14/21 P1 14/22 P2 14/22 P3 12/22 P1 3/17 P1 Ferrite, Flexible HF3 HF2 HF1 Standard 2870 2780 2750 2640 2600 1300 2650 2450 2200 1725550 500 450 1350 1250 1060 820 740 1090 390 380 220 287 278 275 264 260 130 265 245 220 173Max Op. Temp. 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